diff --git a/app/common/fs.mjs b/app/common/fs.mjs
index 8f93c15..5bed895 100644
--- a/app/common/fs.mjs
+++ b/app/common/fs.mjs
@@ -6,32 +6,29 @@ export function mkdirp(dir) {
 }
 
 export async function exists(file) {
-  const vfsResult = vfs.has(file);
-  if (vfsResult !== null) {
-    return vfsResult;
-  }
-
   try {
     await fs.access(file);
 
     return true;
   } catch (e) {
-    return false;
+    // Not on local disk; check VFS (S3 listing) as fallback
+    return vfs.has(file) ?? false;
   }
 }
 
 // Determine whether a file is older than a given cutoff date (or doesn't exist)
 export async function olderThan(file, cutoff) {
-  const mtime = vfs.getMtime(file);
-  if (mtime !== null) {
-    return mtime < cutoff;
-  }
-
   try {
     let stat = await fs.stat(file);
 
     return stat.mtime < cutoff;
   } catch (e) {
+    // Not on local disk; check VFS (S3 listing) as fallback
+    const mtime = vfs.getMtime(file);
+    if (mtime !== null) {
+      return mtime < cutoff;
+    }
+
     return true;
   }
 }
diff --git a/app/common/vfs.mjs b/app/common/vfs.mjs
index 1b64f59..22ae017 100644
--- a/app/common/vfs.mjs
+++ b/app/common/vfs.mjs
@@ -103,23 +103,6 @@ class VirtualFileSystem {
     return entry ? entry.lastModified : null;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Track a file that was just written locally.
-   * Ensures subsequent has() calls return true without hitting disk.
-   * @param {string} localPath
-   */
-  track(localPath) {
-    if (!this._loaded) return;
-
-    const key = this._localPathToKey(localPath);
-    if (key === null) return;
-
-    this._listing.set(key, {
-      lastModified: new Date(),
-      size: 0,
-    });
-  }
-
   /**
    * Convert a local path (e.g. 'dist/assets/splatnet/foo.png')
    * to an S3 key (e.g. 'assets/splatnet/foo.png').
diff --git a/app/data/ImageProcessor.mjs b/app/data/ImageProcessor.mjs
index 343949c..254b36f 100644
--- a/app/data/ImageProcessor.mjs
+++ b/app/data/ImageProcessor.mjs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import PQueue from 'p-queue';
 import prefixedConsole from '../common/prefixedConsole.mjs';
 import { normalizeSplatnetResourcePath } from '../common/util.mjs';
 import { exists, mkdirp } from '../common/fs.mjs';
-import vfs from '../common/vfs.mjs';
 
 const queue = new PQueue({ concurrency: 4 });
 
@@ -72,7 +71,6 @@ export default class ImageProcessor
 
       await mkdirp(path.dirname(this.localPath(destination)));
       await fs.writeFile(this.localPath(destination), result.body);
-      vfs.track(this.localPath(destination));
     } catch (e) {
       this.console.error(`Image download failed for ${destination}`, e);
     }