diff --git a/fx/client-bg.jpg b/fx/client-bg.jpg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1f53eca4 Binary files /dev/null and b/fx/client-bg.jpg differ diff --git a/fx/client-topbar-bg.png b/fx/client-topbar-bg.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ba3503c2 Binary files /dev/null and b/fx/client-topbar-bg.png differ diff --git a/index.template.html b/index.template.html index d88eb8b2d..a34252603 100644 --- a/index.template.html +++ b/index.template.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Showdown! - + @@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ psim: /^(.*)\.psim\.us$/i.exec(document.location.hostname) }; + - @@ -54,28 +54,12 @@ -
-

Pokemon Showdown! (beta)

-
-
-
-
- Lobby -
+
-
Initializing...
+
Initializing...
-
-
- Connecting... -
-
-
-
- -
-
@@ -88,6 +72,8 @@ soundManager.setup({url: '//play.pokemonshowdown.com/swf/'}); + + - - - + + + + - + - + @@ -118,13 +104,10 @@ - + - + - + diff --git a/js/client-ladder.js b/js/client-ladder.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..007da89dd --- /dev/null +++ b/js/client-ladder.js @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +(function($) { + + var LadderRoom = this.LadderRoom = this.Room.extend({ + initialize: function() { + // left menu + var buf = '

Insert ladder here

'; + this.$el.addClass('ps-room-light').html(buf); + } + }); + +}).call(this, jQuery); diff --git a/js/client-mainmenu.js b/js/client-mainmenu.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc49ae804 --- /dev/null +++ b/js/client-mainmenu.js @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +(function($) { + + var MainMenuRoom = this.MainMenuRoom = this.Room.extend({ + events: { + 'click .button': 'clickButton' + }, + initialize: function() { + // left menu + var buf = '

'; + buf += '

'; + + // right menu + buf += '

'; + this.$el.html(buf); + }, + clickButton: function(e) { + e.preventDefault(); + var $target = $(e.currentTarget); + switch ($target.val()) { + case 'lobby': + app.joinRoom('lobby'); + break; + case 'teambuilder': + app.joinRoom('teambuilder'); + break; + case 'ladder': + app.joinRoom('ladder'); + break; + } + } + }); + +}).call(this, jQuery); diff --git a/js/client-teambuilder.js b/js/client-teambuilder.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f93abf825 --- /dev/null +++ b/js/client-teambuilder.js @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +(function($) { + + var TeambuilderRoom = this.TeambuilderRoom = this.Room.extend({ + initialize: function() { + // left menu + var buf = '

Insert teambuilder here

'; + this.$el.addClass('ps-room-light').html(buf); + } + }); + +}).call(this, jQuery); diff --git a/js/client.js b/js/client.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ddef3796 --- /dev/null +++ b/js/client.js @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +(function($) { + + Config.defaultserver = { + server: 'sim.smogon.com', + serverid: 'dev', + serverport: 8001, + serverprotocol: 'ws', + registered: true + }; + Config.sockjsprefix = '/showdown'; + Config.root = '/'; + + var User = this.User = Backbone.Model.extend({ + defaults: { + name: "Guest", + registered: false, + named: false, + avatar: 0 + } + }); + + var App = this.App = Backbone.Router.extend({ + root: '/', + routes: { + '*path': 'dispatchFragment' + }, + initialize: function() { + window.app = this; + $('#main').html(''); + this.initializeRooms(); + this.user = new User(); + this.topbar = new Topbar({el: $('#header')}); + Backbone.history.start({pushState: true}); + this.addRoom(''); + }, + dispatchFragment: function(fragment) { + this.joinRoom(fragment||''); + }, + /** + * Send to sim server + */ + send: function(data, type) { + if (!this.socket) return; + if (typeof data === 'object') { + if (type) data.type = type; + this.socket.send($.toJSON(data)); + } else { + this.socket.send('|'+data); + } + }, + /** + * Receive from sim server + */ + receive: function() { + // + }, + + // Room management + + initializeRooms: function() { + this.rooms = {}; + }, + curRoom: null, + curSideRoom: null, + joinRoom: function(id, type) { + if (this.rooms[id]) { + this.focusRoom(id); + return this.rooms[id]; + } + + var room = this.addRoom(id, type); + this.focusRoom(id); + return room; + }, + addRoom: function(id, type) { + if (this.rooms[id]) return this.rooms[id]; + + var el = $('').appendTo('body'); + type = type || { + '': MainMenuRoom, + 'teambuilder': TeambuilderRoom, + 'ladder': LadderRoom + }[id]; + if (!type) type = ChatRoom; + var room = this.rooms[id] = new type({ + id: id, + el: el + }); + return room; + }, + focusRoom: function(id) { + var room = this.rooms[id]; + if (!room) return false; + if (this.curRoom === room || this.curSideRoom === room) return true; + + if (this.curRoom) { + this.curRoom.hide(); + this.curRoom = null; + } + this.curRoom = room; + this.curRoom.show(); + + app.navigate(id); + this.topbar.updateTabbar(); + return; + }, + leaveRoom: function(id) { + var room = this.rooms[id]; + if (!room) return false; + if (room.requestLeave && !room.requestLeave()) return false; + return this.removeRoom(id); + }, + removeRoom: function(id) { + var room = this.rooms[id]; + if (room) { + if (room === this.curRoom) this.focusRoom(''); + delete this.rooms[id]; + room.destroy(); + this.topbar.updateTabbar(); + return true; + } + return false; + } + }); + + var Topbar = this.Topbar = Backbone.View.extend({ + events: { + 'click a': 'click' + }, + initialize: function() { + this.$el.html('
'); + this.$tabbar = this.$('.maintabbar'); + this.$sidetabbar = this.$('.sidetabbar'); + this.updateTabbar(); + }, + '$tabbar': null, + updateTabbar: function() { + var curId = ''; + if (app.curRoom) curId = app.curRoom.id; + var buf = ''; + var atLeastOne = false; + for (var id in app.rooms) { + if (!id) continue; + var name = id; + if (id === 'lobby') name = ' Lobby chat'; + else if (id === 'teambuilder') name = ' Teambuilder'; + else if (id === 'ladder') name = ' Ladder'; + if (!atLeastOne) { + buf += '
    '; + atLeastOne = true; + } + buf += '
  • '+name+'
    • '; + } + if (atLeastOne) buf += '
'; + this.$tabbar.html(buf); + }, + click: function(e) { + e.preventDefault(); + var $target = $(e.currentTarget); + var id = $target.attr('href'); + if (id.substr(0, app.root.length) === app.root) { + id = id.substr(app.root.length); + } + if ($target.hasClass('closebutton')) { + app.leaveRoom(id); + } else { + app.focusRoom(id); + } + } + }); + + var Room = this.Room = Backbone.View.extend({ + + // communication + + /** + * Send to sim server + */ + send: function(data, type) { + if (!app.socket) return; + if (typeof data === 'object') { + if (type) data.type = type; + data.room = this.id; + app.socket.send($.toJSON(data)); + } else { + app.socket.send(''+this.id+'|'+data); + } + }, + /** + * Receive from sim server + */ + receive: function(data) { + // + }, + + // graphical + + show: function() { + this.$el.show(); + this.focus(); + }, + hide: function() { + this.blur(); + this.$el.hide(); + }, + focus: function() {}, + blur: function() {}, + + // allocation + + destroy: function() { + this.remove(); + delete this.app; + } + }); + + var ChatRoom = this.ChatRoom = Room.extend({ + initialize: function() { + var buf = '
Connecting...
'; + this.$el.addClass('ps-room-light').html(buf); + app.user.on('change', this.updateUser, this); + }, + updateUser: function() { + // + } + }); + +}).call(this, jQuery); diff --git a/js/lib/backbone.js b/js/lib/backbone.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3512d42fb --- /dev/null +++ b/js/lib/backbone.js @@ -0,0 +1,1571 @@ +// Backbone.js 1.0.0 + +// (c) 2010-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc. +// Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license. +// For all details and documentation: +// http://backbonejs.org + +(function(){ + + // Initial Setup + // ------------- + + // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `exports` + // on the server). + var root = this; + + // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be + // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used. + var previousBackbone = root.Backbone; + + // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later. + var array = []; + var push = array.push; + var slice = array.slice; + var splice = array.splice; + + // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will + // be attached to this. Exported for both the browser and the server. + var Backbone; + if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') { + Backbone = exports; + } else { + Backbone = root.Backbone = {}; + } + + // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`. + Backbone.VERSION = '1.0.0'; + + // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present. + var _ = root._; + if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore'); + + // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns + // the `$` variable. + Backbone.$ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$; + + // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable + // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object. + Backbone.noConflict = function() { + root.Backbone = previousBackbone; + return this; + }; + + // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option + // will fake `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and + // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header. + Backbone.emulateHTTP = false; + + // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct + // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as + // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a + // form param named `model`. + Backbone.emulateJSON = false; + + // Backbone.Events + // --------------- + + // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with + // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback + // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in + // succession. + // + // var object = {}; + // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); + // object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); }); + // object.trigger('expand'); + // + var Events = Backbone.Events = { + + // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind + // the callback to all events fired. + on: function(name, callback, context) { + if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; + this._events || (this._events = {}); + var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []); + events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this}); + return this; + }, + + // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time + // the callback is invoked, it will be removed. + once: function(name, callback, context) { + if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; + var self = this; + var once = _.once(function() { + self.off(name, once); + callback.apply(this, arguments); + }); + once._callback = callback; + return this.on(name, once, context); + }, + + // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all + // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all + // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound + // callbacks for all events. + off: function(name, callback, context) { + var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k; + if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this; + if (!name && !callback && !context) { + this._events = {}; + return this; + } + + names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events); + for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { + name = names[i]; + if (events = this._events[name]) { + this._events[name] = retain = []; + if (callback || context) { + for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) { + ev = events[j]; + if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) || + (context && context !== ev.context)) { + retain.push(ev); + } + } + } + if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name]; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are + // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name + // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to + // receive the true name of the event as the first argument). + trigger: function(name) { + if (!this._events) return this; + var args = slice.call(arguments, 1); + if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this; + var events = this._events[name]; + var allEvents = this._events.all; + if (events) triggerEvents(events, args); + if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments); + return this; + }, + + // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or + // to every object it's currently listening to. + stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) { + var listeners = this._listeners; + if (!listeners) return this; + var deleteListener = !name && !callback; + if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; + if (obj) (listeners = {})[obj._listenerId] = obj; + for (var id in listeners) { + listeners[id].off(name, callback, this); + if (deleteListener) delete this._listeners[id]; + } + return this; + } + + }; + + // Regular expression used to split event strings. + var eventSplitter = /\s+/; + + // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event + // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}` + // in terms of the existing API. + var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) { + if (!name) return true; + + // Handle event maps. + if (typeof name === 'object') { + for (var key in name) { + obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest)); + } + return false; + } + + // Handle space separated event names. + if (eventSplitter.test(name)) { + var names = name.split(eventSplitter); + for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { + obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest)); + } + return false; + } + + return true; + }; + + // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for + // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal + // Backbone events have 3 arguments). + var triggerEvents = function(events, args) { + var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2]; + switch (args.length) { + case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return; + case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return; + case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return; + case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return; + default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); + } + }; + + var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'}; + + // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to + // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's + // listening to. + _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) { + Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) { + var listeners = this._listeners || (this._listeners = {}); + var id = obj._listenerId || (obj._listenerId = _.uniqueId('l')); + listeners[id] = obj; + if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; + obj[implementation](name, callback, this); + return this; + }; + }); + + // Aliases for backwards compatibility. + Events.bind = Events.on; + Events.unbind = Events.off; + + // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who + // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place. + _.extend(Backbone, Events); + + // Backbone.Model + // -------------- + + // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework -- + // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server. + // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for + // performing computations and transformations on that data. + + // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`) + // is automatically generated and assigned for you. + var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) { + var defaults; + var attrs = attributes || {}; + options || (options = {}); + this.cid = _.uniqueId('c'); + this.attributes = {}; + _.extend(this, _.pick(options, modelOptions)); + if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {}; + if (defaults = _.result(this, 'defaults')) { + attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, defaults); + } + this.set(attrs, options); + this.changed = {}; + this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); + }; + + // A list of options to be attached directly to the model, if provided. + var modelOptions = ['url', 'urlRoot', 'collection']; + + // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype. + _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, { + + // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ. + changed: null, + + // The value returned during the last failed validation. + validationError: null, + + // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and + // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`. + idAttribute: 'id', + + // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own + // initialization logic. + initialize: function(){}, + + // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object. + toJSON: function(options) { + return _.clone(this.attributes); + }, + + // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need + // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model. + sync: function() { + return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); + }, + + // Get the value of an attribute. + get: function(attr) { + return this.attributes[attr]; + }, + + // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute. + escape: function(attr) { + return _.escape(this.get(attr)); + }, + + // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null + // or undefined. + has: function(attr) { + return this.get(attr) != null; + }, + + // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is + // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying + // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast. + set: function(key, val, options) { + var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current; + if (key == null) return this; + + // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. + if (typeof key === 'object') { + attrs = key; + options = val; + } else { + (attrs = {})[key] = val; + } + + options || (options = {}); + + // Run validation. + if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; + + // Extract attributes and options. + unset = options.unset; + silent = options.silent; + changes = []; + changing = this._changing; + this._changing = true; + + if (!changing) { + this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); + this.changed = {}; + } + current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes; + + // Check for changes of `id`. + if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute]; + + // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value. + for (attr in attrs) { + val = attrs[attr]; + if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr); + if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) { + this.changed[attr] = val; + } else { + delete this.changed[attr]; + } + unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val; + } + + // Trigger all relevant attribute changes. + if (!silent) { + if (changes.length) this._pending = true; + for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) { + this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options); + } + } + + // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can + // be recursively nested within `"change"` events. + if (changing) return this; + if (!silent) { + while (this._pending) { + this._pending = false; + this.trigger('change', this, options); + } + } + this._pending = false; + this._changing = false; + return this; + }, + + // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop + // if the attribute doesn't exist. + unset: function(attr, options) { + return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); + }, + + // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`. + clear: function(options) { + var attrs = {}; + for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0; + return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); + }, + + // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event. + // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed. + hasChanged: function(attr) { + if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed); + return _.has(this.changed, attr); + }, + + // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or + // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what + // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be + // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined. + // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model, + // determining if there *would be* a change. + changedAttributes: function(diff) { + if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false; + var val, changed = false; + var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes; + for (var attr in diff) { + if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue; + (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val; + } + return changed; + }, + + // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last + // `"change"` event was fired. + previous: function(attr) { + if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null; + return this._previousAttributes[attr]; + }, + + // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous + // `"change"` event. + previousAttributes: function() { + return _.clone(this._previousAttributes); + }, + + // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the + // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden, + // triggering a `"change"` event. + fetch: function(options) { + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; + var model = this; + var success = options.success; + options.success = function(resp) { + if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false; + if (success) success(model, resp, options); + model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); + }; + wrapError(this, options); + return this.sync('read', this, options); + }, + + // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server. + // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's + // state will be `set` again. + save: function(key, val, options) { + var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes; + + // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. + if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') { + attrs = key; + options = val; + } else { + (attrs = {})[key] = val; + } + + // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as `set(attr).save(null, opts)`. + if (attrs && (!options || !options.wait) && !this.set(attrs, options)) return false; + + options = _.extend({validate: true}, options); + + // Do not persist invalid models. + if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; + + // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`. + if (attrs && options.wait) { + this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs); + } + + // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally) + // updated with the server-side state. + if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; + var model = this; + var success = options.success; + options.success = function(resp) { + // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves. + model.attributes = attributes; + var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options); + if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs); + if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) { + return false; + } + if (success) success(model, resp, options); + model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); + }; + wrapError(this, options); + + method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update'); + if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs; + xhr = this.sync(method, this, options); + + // Restore attributes. + if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes; + + return xhr; + }, + + // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. + // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one. + // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal. + destroy: function(options) { + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + var model = this; + var success = options.success; + + var destroy = function() { + model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options); + }; + + options.success = function(resp) { + if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy(); + if (success) success(model, resp, options); + if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); + }; + + if (this.isNew()) { + options.success(); + return false; + } + wrapError(this, options); + + var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options); + if (!options.wait) destroy(); + return xhr; + }, + + // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're + // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint + // that will be called. + url: function() { + var base = _.result(this, 'urlRoot') || _.result(this.collection, 'url') || urlError(); + if (this.isNew()) return base; + return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) === '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id); + }, + + // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on + // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along. + parse: function(resp, options) { + return resp; + }, + + // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one. + clone: function() { + return new this.constructor(this.attributes); + }, + + // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id. + isNew: function() { + return this.id == null; + }, + + // Check if the model is currently in a valid state. + isValid: function(options) { + return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true })); + }, + + // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes, + // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event. + _validate: function(attrs, options) { + if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true; + attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs); + var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null; + if (!error) return true; + this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options || {}, {validationError: error})); + return false; + } + + }); + + // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model. + var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit']; + + // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`. + _.each(modelMethods, function(method) { + Model.prototype[method] = function() { + var args = slice.call(arguments); + args.unshift(this.attributes); + return _[method].apply(_, args); + }; + }); + + // Backbone.Collection + // ------------------- + + // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is + // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that + // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason + // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents + // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain + // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`. + + // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`. + // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain + // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed. + var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) { + options || (options = {}); + if (options.url) this.url = options.url; + if (options.model) this.model = options.model; + if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator; + this._reset(); + this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); + if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); + }; + + // Default options for `Collection#set`. + var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true}; + var addOptions = {add: true, merge: false, remove: false}; + + // Define the Collection's inheritable methods. + _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, { + + // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**. + // This should be overridden in most cases. + model: Model, + + // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own + // initialization logic. + initialize: function(){}, + + // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the + // models' attributes. + toJSON: function(options) { + return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); }); + }, + + // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default. + sync: function() { + return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); + }, + + // Add a model, or list of models to the set. + add: function(models, options) { + return this.set(models, _.defaults(options || {}, addOptions)); + }, + + // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. + remove: function(models, options) { + models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models]; + options || (options = {}); + var i, l, index, model; + for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { + model = this.get(models[i]); + if (!model) continue; + delete this._byId[model.id]; + delete this._byId[model.cid]; + index = this.indexOf(model); + this.models.splice(index, 1); + this.length--; + if (!options.silent) { + options.index = index; + model.trigger('remove', model, this, options); + } + this._removeReference(model); + } + return this; + }, + + // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones, + // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that + // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**, + // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection. + set: function(models, options) { + options = _.defaults(options || {}, setOptions); + if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options); + if (!_.isArray(models)) models = models ? [models] : []; + var i, l, model, attrs, existing, sort; + var at = options.at; + var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false; + var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null; + var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {}; + + // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models + // from being added. + for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { + if (!(model = this._prepareModel(models[i], options))) continue; + + // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and + // optionally merge it into the existing model. + if (existing = this.get(model)) { + if (options.remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true; + if (options.merge) { + existing.set(model.attributes, options); + if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true; + } + + // This is a new model, push it to the `toAdd` list. + } else if (options.add) { + toAdd.push(model); + + // Listen to added models' events, and index models for lookup by + // `id` and by `cid`. + model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this); + this._byId[model.cid] = model; + if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; + } + } + + // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate. + if (options.remove) { + for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) { + if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model); + } + if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options); + } + + // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models. + if (toAdd.length) { + if (sortable) sort = true; + this.length += toAdd.length; + if (at != null) { + splice.apply(this.models, [at, 0].concat(toAdd)); + } else { + push.apply(this.models, toAdd); + } + } + + // Silently sort the collection if appropriate. + if (sort) this.sort({silent: true}); + + if (options.silent) return this; + + // Trigger `add` events. + for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) { + (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options); + } + + // Trigger `sort` if the collection was sorted. + if (sort) this.trigger('sort', this, options); + return this; + }, + + // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually, + // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing + // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished. + // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations. + reset: function(models, options) { + options || (options = {}); + for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) { + this._removeReference(this.models[i]); + } + options.previousModels = this.models; + this._reset(); + this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); + if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options); + return this; + }, + + // Add a model to the end of the collection. + push: function(model, options) { + model = this._prepareModel(model, options); + this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options)); + return model; + }, + + // Remove a model from the end of the collection. + pop: function(options) { + var model = this.at(this.length - 1); + this.remove(model, options); + return model; + }, + + // Add a model to the beginning of the collection. + unshift: function(model, options) { + model = this._prepareModel(model, options); + this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options)); + return model; + }, + + // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection. + shift: function(options) { + var model = this.at(0); + this.remove(model, options); + return model; + }, + + // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection. + slice: function(begin, end) { + return this.models.slice(begin, end); + }, + + // Get a model from the set by id. + get: function(obj) { + if (obj == null) return void 0; + return this._byId[obj.id != null ? obj.id : obj.cid || obj]; + }, + + // Get the model at the given index. + at: function(index) { + return this.models[index]; + }, + + // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of + // `filter`. + where: function(attrs, first) { + if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : []; + return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) { + for (var key in attrs) { + if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false; + } + return true; + }); + }, + + // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases + // of `find`. + findWhere: function(attrs) { + return this.where(attrs, true); + }, + + // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under + // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item + // is added. + sort: function(options) { + if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator'); + options || (options = {}); + + // Run sort based on type of `comparator`. + if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) { + this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this); + } else { + this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this)); + } + + if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options); + return this; + }, + + // Figure out the smallest index at which a model should be inserted so as + // to maintain order. + sortedIndex: function(model, value, context) { + value || (value = this.comparator); + var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) { + return model.get(value); + }; + return _.sortedIndex(this.models, model, iterator, context); + }, + + // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection. + pluck: function(attr) { + return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr); + }, + + // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the + // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response + // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`. + fetch: function(options) { + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; + var success = options.success; + var collection = this; + options.success = function(resp) { + var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set'; + collection[method](resp, options); + if (success) success(collection, resp, options); + collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options); + }; + wrapError(this, options); + return this.sync('read', this, options); + }, + + // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the + // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we + // wait for the server to agree. + create: function(model, options) { + options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; + if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false; + if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options); + var collection = this; + var success = options.success; + options.success = function(resp) { + if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options); + if (success) success(model, resp, options); + }; + model.save(null, options); + return model; + }, + + // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the + // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through. + parse: function(resp, options) { + return resp; + }, + + // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one. + clone: function() { + return new this.constructor(this.models); + }, + + // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection + // is first initialized or reset. + _reset: function() { + this.length = 0; + this.models = []; + this._byId = {}; + }, + + // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this + // collection. + _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) { + if (attrs instanceof Model) { + if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this; + return attrs; + } + options || (options = {}); + options.collection = this; + var model = new this.model(attrs, options); + if (!model._validate(attrs, options)) { + this.trigger('invalid', this, attrs, options); + return false; + } + return model; + }, + + // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection. + _removeReference: function(model) { + if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection; + model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this); + }, + + // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event. + // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other + // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate + // in other collections are ignored. + _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) { + if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return; + if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options); + if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) { + delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)]; + if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; + } + this.trigger.apply(this, arguments); + } + + }); + + // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection. + // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented + // right here: + var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl', + 'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select', + 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke', + 'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest', + 'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'indexOf', 'shuffle', 'lastIndexOf', + 'isEmpty', 'chain']; + + // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`. + _.each(methods, function(method) { + Collection.prototype[method] = function() { + var args = slice.call(arguments); + args.unshift(this.models); + return _[method].apply(_, args); + }; + }); + + // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument. + var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy']; + + // Use attributes instead of properties. + _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) { + Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) { + var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) { + return model.get(value); + }; + return _[method](this.models, iterator, context); + }; + }); + + // Backbone.View + // ------------- + + // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View + // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the + // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or + // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of + // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without + // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to + // react to specific changes in the state of your models. + + // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM, + // if an existing element is not provided... + var View = Backbone.View = function(options) { + this.cid = _.uniqueId('view'); + this._configure(options || {}); + this._ensureElement(); + this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); + this.delegateEvents(); + }; + + // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`. + var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/; + + // List of view options to be merged as properties. + var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events']; + + // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods. + _.extend(View.prototype, Events, { + + // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`. + tagName: 'div', + + // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the + // current view. This should be prefered to global lookups where possible. + $: function(selector) { + return this.$el.find(selector); + }, + + // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own + // initialization logic. + initialize: function(){}, + + // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order + // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The + // convention is for **render** to always return `this`. + render: function() { + return this; + }, + + // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any + // applicable Backbone.Events listeners. + remove: function() { + this.$el.remove(); + this.stopListening(); + return this; + }, + + // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event + // re-delegation. + setElement: function(element, delegate) { + if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents(); + this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element); + this.el = this.$el[0]; + if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents(); + return this; + }, + + // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of + // + // *{"event selector": "callback"}* + // + // { + // 'mousedown .title': 'edit', + // 'click .button': 'save' + // 'click .open': function(e) { ... } + // } + // + // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly. + // Uses event delegation for efficiency. + // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`. + // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and + // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer. + delegateEvents: function(events) { + if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this; + this.undelegateEvents(); + for (var key in events) { + var method = events[key]; + if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]]; + if (!method) continue; + + var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter); + var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2]; + method = _.bind(method, this); + eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid; + if (selector === '') { + this.$el.on(eventName, method); + } else { + this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`. + // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple + // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element. + undelegateEvents: function() { + this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid); + return this; + }, + + // Performs the initial configuration of a View with a set of options. + // Keys with special meaning *(e.g. model, collection, id, className)* are + // attached directly to the view. See `viewOptions` for an exhaustive + // list. + _configure: function(options) { + if (this.options) options = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'options'), options); + _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions)); + this.options = options; + }, + + // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into. + // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first + // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create + // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties. + _ensureElement: function() { + if (!this.el) { + var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes')); + if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id'); + if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className'); + var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs); + this.setElement($el, false); + } else { + this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false); + } + } + + }); + + // Backbone.sync + // ------------- + + // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists + // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the + // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request + // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be: + // + // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request. + // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON. + // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax. + // + // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests + // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method, + // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` + // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`. + // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make + // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests. + Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) { + var type = methodMap[method]; + + // Default options, unless specified. + _.defaults(options || (options = {}), { + emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP, + emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON + }); + + // Default JSON-request options. + var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'}; + + // Ensure that we have a URL. + if (!options.url) { + params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError(); + } + + // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data. + if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) { + params.contentType = 'application/json'; + params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options)); + } + + // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form. + if (options.emulateJSON) { + params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'; + params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {}; + } + + // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method` + // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header. + if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) { + params.type = 'POST'; + if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type; + var beforeSend = options.beforeSend; + options.beforeSend = function(xhr) { + xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type); + if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments); + }; + } + + // Don't process data on a non-GET request. + if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) { + params.processData = false; + } + + // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer + // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that + // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8. + if (params.type === 'PATCH' && window.ActiveXObject && + !(window.external && window.external.msActiveXFilteringEnabled)) { + params.xhr = function() { + return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); + }; + } + + // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options. + var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options)); + model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options); + return xhr; + }; + + // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation. + var methodMap = { + 'create': 'POST', + 'update': 'PUT', + 'patch': 'PATCH', + 'delete': 'DELETE', + 'read': 'GET' + }; + + // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`. + // Override this if you'd like to use a different library. + Backbone.ajax = function() { + return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments); + }; + + // Backbone.Router + // --------------- + + // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are + // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically. + var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) { + options || (options = {}); + if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes; + this._bindRoutes(); + this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); + }; + + // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted + // parts of route strings. + var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g; + var namedParam = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g; + var splatParam = /\*\w+/g; + var escapeRegExp = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g; + + // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods. + _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, { + + // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own + // initialization logic. + initialize: function(){}, + + // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example: + // + // this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) { + // ... + // }); + // + route: function(route, name, callback) { + if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route); + if (_.isFunction(name)) { + callback = name; + name = ''; + } + if (!callback) callback = this[name]; + var router = this; + Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) { + var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment); + callback && callback.apply(router, args); + router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args)); + router.trigger('route', name, args); + Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args); + }); + return this; + }, + + // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history. + navigate: function(fragment, options) { + Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options); + return this; + }, + + // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the + // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general + // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map. + _bindRoutes: function() { + if (!this.routes) return; + this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes'); + var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes); + while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) { + this.route(route, this.routes[route]); + } + }, + + // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching + // against the current location hash. + _routeToRegExp: function(route) { + route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&') + .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?') + .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional){ + return optional ? match : '([^\/]+)'; + }) + .replace(splatParam, '(.*?)'); + return new RegExp('^' + route + '$'); + }, + + // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of + // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be + // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior. + _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) { + var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1); + return _.map(params, function(param) { + return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null; + }); + } + + }); + + // Backbone.History + // ---------------- + + // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either + // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or + // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange) + // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch), + // falls back to polling. + var History = Backbone.History = function() { + this.handlers = []; + _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl'); + + // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser. + if (typeof window !== 'undefined') { + this.location = window.location; + this.history = window.history; + } + }; + + // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space. + var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g; + + // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes. + var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g; + + // Cached regex for detecting MSIE. + var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/; + + // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash. + var trailingSlash = /\/$/; + + // Has the history handling already been started? + History.started = false; + + // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods. + _.extend(History.prototype, Events, { + + // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is + // twenty times a second. + interval: 50, + + // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug + // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded. + getHash: function(window) { + var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/); + return match ? match[1] : ''; + }, + + // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL, + // the hash, or the override. + getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) { + if (fragment == null) { + if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) { + fragment = this.location.pathname; + var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, ''); + if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.substr(root.length); + } else { + fragment = this.getHash(); + } + } + return fragment.replace(routeStripper, ''); + }, + + // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches + // an existing route, and `false` otherwise. + start: function(options) { + if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started"); + History.started = true; + + // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe? + // Is pushState desired ... is it available? + this.options = _.extend({}, {root: '/'}, this.options, options); + this.root = this.options.root; + this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false; + this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState; + this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState); + var fragment = this.getFragment(); + var docMode = document.documentMode; + var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7)); + + // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash. + this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/'); + + if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) { + this.iframe = Backbone.$('