gba-link-connection/lib/LinkCableMultiboot.hpp
2024-08-26 22:29:07 -03:00

391 lines
13 KiB
C++

#ifndef LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_H
#define LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_H
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// A Multiboot tool to send small programs from one GBA to up to 3 slaves.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Usage:
// - 1) Include this header in your main.cpp file and add:
// LinkCableMultiboot* linkCableMultiboot = new LinkCableMultiboot();
// - 2) Send the ROM:
// LinkCableMultiboot::Result result = linkCableMultiboot->sendRom(
// romBytes, // for current ROM, use: ((const u8*)MEM_EWRAM)
// romLength, // in bytes, should be multiple of 0x10
// []() {
// u16 keys = ~REG_KEYS & KEY_ANY;
// return keys & KEY_START;
// // (when this returns true, the transfer will be canceled)
// }
// );
// // `result` should be LinkCableMultiboot::Result::SUCCESS
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// considerations:
// - stop DMA before sending the ROM! (you might need to stop your audio player)
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef LINK_DEVELOPMENT
#pragma GCC system_header
#endif
#include "LinkRawCable.hpp"
#include "LinkSPI.hpp"
#ifndef LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_PALETTE_DATA
/**
* @brief Palette data (controls how the logo is displayed).
* Format: 0b1CCCDSS1, where C=color, D=direction, S=speed.
* Default: 0b10010011
*/
#define LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_PALETTE_DATA 0b10010011
#endif
static volatile char LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_VERSION[] =
"LinkCableMultiboot/v7.0.0";
#define LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_TRY(CALL) \
partialResult = CALL; \
if (partialResult == ABORTED) \
return error(CANCELED); \
else if (partialResult == NEEDS_RETRY) \
goto retry;
/**
* @brief A Multiboot tool to send small programs from one GBA to up to 3
* slaves.
*/
class LinkCableMultiboot {
private:
using u32 = unsigned int;
using u16 = unsigned short;
using u8 = unsigned char;
static constexpr int MIN_ROM_SIZE = 0x100 + 0xc0;
static constexpr int MAX_ROM_SIZE = 256 * 1024;
static constexpr int FRAME_LINES = 228;
static constexpr int WAIT_BEFORE_RETRY = FRAME_LINES * 4;
static constexpr int DETECTION_TRIES = 16;
static constexpr int CLIENTS = 3;
static constexpr int CLIENT_NO_DATA = 0xff;
static constexpr int HANDSHAKE = 0x6200;
static constexpr int HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE = 0x7200;
static constexpr int CONFIRM_CLIENTS = 0x6100;
static constexpr int SEND_PALETTE = 0x6300;
static constexpr int HANDSHAKE_DATA = 0x11;
static constexpr int CONFIRM_HANDSHAKE_DATA = 0x6400;
static constexpr int ACK_RESPONSE = 0x73;
static constexpr int HEADER_SIZE = 0xC0;
static constexpr auto MAX_BAUD_RATE = LinkRawCable::BaudRate::BAUD_RATE_3;
static constexpr u8 CLIENT_IDS[] = {0b0010, 0b0100, 0b1000};
struct Response {
u32 data[LINK_RAW_CABLE_MAX_PLAYERS];
int playerId = -1; // (-1 = unknown)
};
public:
enum Result { SUCCESS, INVALID_SIZE, CANCELED, FAILURE_DURING_TRANSFER };
enum TransferMode {
SPI = 0,
MULTI_PLAY = 1
}; // (used in SWI call, do not swap)
/**
* @brief Sends the `rom`. Once completed, the return value should be
* `LinkCableMultiboot::Result::SUCCESS`.
* @param rom A pointer to ROM data.
* @param romSize Size of the ROM in bytes. It must be a number between `448`
* and `262144`, and a multiple of `16`.
* @param cancel A function that will be continuously invoked. If it returns
* `true`, the transfer will be aborted.
* @param mode Either `TransferMode::MULTI_PLAY` for GBA cable (default value)
* or `TransferMode::SPI` for GBC cable.
* \warning Blocks the system until completion or cancellation.
*/
template <typename F>
Result sendRom(const u8* rom,
u32 romSize,
F cancel,
TransferMode mode = TransferMode::MULTI_PLAY) {
this->_mode = mode;
if (romSize < MIN_ROM_SIZE)
return INVALID_SIZE;
if (romSize > MAX_ROM_SIZE)
return INVALID_SIZE;
if ((romSize % 0x10) != 0)
return INVALID_SIZE;
retry:
deactivate();
// (*) instead of 1/16s, waiting a random number of frames works better
wait(WAIT_BEFORE_RETRY + FRAME_LINES * _qran_range(1, 30));
// 1. Prepare a "Multiboot Parameter Structure" in RAM.
PartialResult partialResult = NEEDS_RETRY;
Link::_MultiBootParam multiBootParameters;
multiBootParameters.client_data[0] = CLIENT_NO_DATA;
multiBootParameters.client_data[1] = CLIENT_NO_DATA;
multiBootParameters.client_data[2] = CLIENT_NO_DATA;
multiBootParameters.palette_data = LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_PALETTE_DATA;
multiBootParameters.client_bit = 0;
multiBootParameters.boot_srcp = (u8*)rom + HEADER_SIZE;
multiBootParameters.boot_endp = (u8*)rom + romSize;
LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_TRY(detectClients(multiBootParameters, cancel))
LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_TRY(sendHeader(multiBootParameters, rom, cancel))
LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_TRY(sendPalette(multiBootParameters, cancel))
LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_TRY(confirmHandshakeData(multiBootParameters, cancel))
// 9. Call SWI 0x25, with r0 set to the address of the multiboot parameter
// structure and r1 set to the communication mode (0 for normal, 1 for
// MultiPlay).
int result = Link::_MultiBoot(&multiBootParameters, (int)_mode);
deactivate();
// 10. Upon return, r0 will be either 0 for success, or 1 for failure. If
// successful, all clients have received the multiboot program successfully
// and are now executing it - you can begin either further data transfer or
// a multiplayer game from here.
return result == 1 ? FAILURE_DURING_TRANSFER : SUCCESS;
}
~LinkCableMultiboot() {
delete linkRawCable;
delete linkSPI;
}
private:
LinkRawCable* linkRawCable = new LinkRawCable();
LinkSPI* linkSPI = new LinkSPI();
TransferMode _mode;
int randomSeed = 123;
enum PartialResult { NEEDS_RETRY, FINISHED, ABORTED };
struct Responses {
u16 d[CLIENTS];
};
template <typename F>
PartialResult detectClients(Link::_MultiBootParam& multiBootParameters,
F cancel) {
// 2. Initiate a multiplayer communication session, using either Normal mode
// for a single client or MultiPlay mode for multiple clients.
activate();
// 3. Send the word 0x6200 repeatedly until all detected clients respond
// with 0x720X, where X is their client number (1-3). If they fail to do
// this after 16 tries, delay 1/16s and go back to step 2. (*)
bool success = false;
for (u32 t = 0; t < DETECTION_TRIES; t++) {
auto response = transfer(HANDSHAKE, cancel);
if (cancel())
return ABORTED;
multiBootParameters.client_bit = 0;
success =
validateResponse(response, [&multiBootParameters](u32 i, u16 value) {
if ((value & 0xfff0) == HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE) {
auto clientId = value & 0xf;
if (clientId == CLIENT_IDS[i]) {
multiBootParameters.client_bit |= clientId;
return true;
}
}
return false;
});
if (success)
break;
}
if (!success)
return NEEDS_RETRY;
// 4. Fill in client_bit in the multiboot parameter structure (with
// bits 1-3 set according to which clients responded). Send the word
// 0x610Y, where Y is that same set of set bits.
transfer(CONFIRM_CLIENTS | multiBootParameters.client_bit, cancel);
return FINISHED;
}
template <typename F>
PartialResult sendHeader(Link::_MultiBootParam& multiBootParameters,
const u8* rom,
F cancel) {
// 5. Send the cartridge header, 16 bits at a time, in little endian order.
// After each 16-bit send, the clients will respond with 0xNN0X, where NN is
// the number of words remaining and X is the client number. (Note that if
// transferring in the single-client 32-bit mode, you still need to send
// only 16 bits at a time).
u16* headerOut = (u16*)rom;
u32 remaining = HEADER_SIZE / 2;
while (remaining > 0) {
auto response = transfer(*(headerOut++), cancel);
if (cancel())
return ABORTED;
bool success = validateResponse(response, [&remaining](u32 i, u16 value) {
u8 clientId = CLIENT_IDS[i];
u16 expectedValue = (remaining << 8) | clientId;
return value == expectedValue;
});
if (!success)
return NEEDS_RETRY;
remaining--;
}
// 6. Send 0x6200, followed by 0x620Y again.
transfer(HANDSHAKE, cancel);
if (cancel())
return ABORTED;
transfer(HANDSHAKE | multiBootParameters.client_bit, cancel);
if (cancel())
return ABORTED;
return FINISHED;
}
template <typename F>
PartialResult sendPalette(Link::_MultiBootParam& multiBootParameters,
F cancel) {
// 7. Send 0x63PP repeatedly, where PP is the palette_data you have picked
// earlier. Do this until the clients respond with 0x73CC, where CC is a
// random byte. Store these bytes in client_data in the parameter structure.
auto data = SEND_PALETTE | LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_PALETTE_DATA;
bool success = false;
for (u32 i = 0; i < DETECTION_TRIES; i++) {
auto response = transfer(data, cancel);
if (cancel())
return ABORTED;
success =
validateResponse(response, [&multiBootParameters](u32 i, u16 value) {
if ((value >> 8) == ACK_RESPONSE) {
multiBootParameters.client_data[i] = value & 0xff;
return true;
}
return false;
});
if (success)
break;
}
if (!success)
return NEEDS_RETRY;
return FINISHED;
}
template <typename F>
PartialResult confirmHandshakeData(Link::_MultiBootParam& multiBootParameters,
F cancel) {
// 8. Calculate the handshake_data byte and store it in the parameter
// structure. This should be calculated as 0x11 + the sum of the three
// client_data bytes. Send 0x64HH, where HH is the handshake_data.
multiBootParameters.handshake_data =
(HANDSHAKE_DATA + multiBootParameters.client_data[0] +
multiBootParameters.client_data[1] +
multiBootParameters.client_data[2]) %
256;
u16 data = CONFIRM_HANDSHAKE_DATA | multiBootParameters.handshake_data;
auto response = transfer(data, cancel);
if (cancel())
return ABORTED;
return (response.data[1] >> 8) == ACK_RESPONSE ? FINISHED : NEEDS_RETRY;
}
template <typename F>
bool validateResponse(Response response, F check) {
u32 count = 0;
for (u32 i = 0; i < CLIENTS; i++) {
auto value = response.data[1 + i];
if (value == LINK_RAW_CABLE_DISCONNECTED) {
// Note that throughout this process, any clients that are not
// connected will always respond with 0xFFFF - be sure to ignore them.
continue;
}
if (!check(i, value))
return false;
count++;
}
return count > 0;
}
template <typename F>
Response transfer(u32 data, F cancel) {
if (_mode == TransferMode::MULTI_PLAY) {
Response response;
auto response16bit = linkRawCable->transfer(data, cancel);
for (u32 i = 0; i < LINK_RAW_CABLE_MAX_PLAYERS; i++)
response.data[i] = response16bit.data[i];
response.playerId = response16bit.playerId;
return response;
} else {
Response response = {
.data = {LINK_RAW_CABLE_DISCONNECTED, LINK_RAW_CABLE_DISCONNECTED,
LINK_RAW_CABLE_DISCONNECTED, LINK_RAW_CABLE_DISCONNECTED}};
response.data[1] = linkSPI->transfer(data, cancel) >> 16;
response.playerId = 0;
return response;
}
}
public:
void activate() {
if (_mode == TransferMode::MULTI_PLAY)
linkRawCable->activate(MAX_BAUD_RATE);
else
linkSPI->activate(LinkSPI::Mode::MASTER_256KBPS);
}
void deactivate() {
if (_mode == TransferMode::MULTI_PLAY)
linkRawCable->deactivate();
else
linkSPI->deactivate();
}
Result error(Result error) {
deactivate();
return error;
}
void wait(u32 verticalLines) {
u32 count = 0;
u32 vCount = Link::_REG_VCOUNT;
while (count < verticalLines) {
if (Link::_REG_VCOUNT != vCount) {
count++;
vCount = Link::_REG_VCOUNT;
}
};
}
int _qran() {
randomSeed = 1664525 * randomSeed + 1013904223;
return (randomSeed >> 16) & 0x7FFF;
}
int _qran_range(int min, int max) {
return (_qran() * (max - min) >> 15) + min;
}
};
extern LinkCableMultiboot* linkCableMultiboot;
#endif // LINK_CABLE_MULTIBOOT_H