diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 80e7e29..7239e05 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ CFLAGS	:=	-g -Wall -O2\
 		$(ARCH) 
 
 CFLAGS	+=	$(INCLUDE) -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -Wall -mthumb -mcpu=arm7tdmi -mtune=arm7tdmi
-CXXFLAGS	:=	$(CFLAGS) -g0 -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -std=c++20 -Wno-volatile -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX20_ABI=0
+CXXFLAGS	:=	$(CFLAGS) -g0 -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -std=c++20 -Wno-volatile -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX20_ABI=0
 
 ifeq ($(BUILD_TYPE), debug)
 	CFLAGS += -g -DDEBUG
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ else ifeq ($(BUILD_TYPE), release)
 endif
 
 ASFLAGS	:=	-g $(ARCH)
-LDFLAGS	=	-Os -g $(ARCH) -Wl,-Map,$(notdir $*.map) -Wl,--gc-sections -mthumb -mcpu=arm7tdmi -mtune=arm7tdmi
+LDFLAGS	=	-Os -g $(ARCH) -Wl,-Map,$(notdir $*.map) -Wl,--gc-sections -mthumb -mcpu=arm7tdmi -mtune=arm7tdmi -Wl,-Map,output.map,--cref -nodefaultlibs
 
 CFLAGS += -flto
 LDFLAGS += -flto
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ LDFLAGS += -flto
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # any extra libraries we wish to link with the project
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-LIBS	:= -lmm -ltonc -lgba -lc -lgcc
+LIBS	:= -lmm -ltonc -lgba -lc -lgcc -lsysbase
 
 
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/include/button_menu.h b/include/button_menu.h
index fe5597d..f01c755 100644
--- a/include/button_menu.h
+++ b/include/button_menu.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define MAIN_MENU_H
 
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <vector>
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 
 #include "button_handler.h"
 
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ public:
     void clear_vector();
 
 private:
-    std::vector<Button> button_vector;
-    std::vector<int> return_values;
+    ptgb::vector<Button> button_vector;
+    ptgb::vector<int> return_values;
     int columns;
     int rows;
     int button_height;
diff --git a/include/gameboy_colour.h b/include/gameboy_colour.h
index 0fbfccd..5017a60 100644
--- a/include/gameboy_colour.h
+++ b/include/gameboy_colour.h
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #define GAMEBOY_COLOUR_H_
 
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <string>
 #include "libraries/gba-link-connection/LinkSPI.hpp"
 #include "pokemon_party.h"
 
diff --git a/include/gb_link.h b/include/gb_link.h
index faa0e9d..cf49b95 100644
--- a/include/gb_link.h
+++ b/include/gb_link.h
@@ -73,8 +73,9 @@ typedef enum
 
 #define GB_LINK_H
 #include <tonc.h>
+//#include <string>
 
-void log(std::string text);
+//void log(std::string text);
 void wait(u32 verticalLines);
 inline void VBLANK() {}
 void init();
diff --git a/include/libraries/nanoprintf/CONTRIBUTORS.md b/include/libraries/nanoprintf/CONTRIBUTORS.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bffbd43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/libraries/nanoprintf/CONTRIBUTORS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Contributors
+
+## Special thanks for all the people who had helped this project so far:
+
+* [Dino Dai Zovi](https://github.com/ddz)
+* [Shang Yuanchun](https://github.com/ideal)
+* [Shreyas Balakrishna](https://github.com/shreyasbharath)
+* [Jim Keener](https://github.com/jimktrains)
+* [Dean T](https://github.com/deanoburrito)
+* [Oskars Rubenis](https://github.com/Okarss)
diff --git a/include/libraries/nanoprintf/LICENSE b/include/libraries/nanoprintf/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..039373b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/libraries/nanoprintf/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Nanoprintf is dual-licensed under both the "Unlicense" and the
+"Zero-Clause BSD" (0BSD) licenses. The intent of this dual-licensing
+structure is to make nanoprintf as consumable as possible in as many
+environments / countries / companies as possible without encumbering
+users.
+
+This license applies to all of the nanoprintf source code, build code,
+and tests, with the explicit exception of doctest.h, which exists under
+its own license and is included in this repository.
+
+The text of the two licenses follows below:
+
+============================== UNLICENSE ==============================
+
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+means.
+
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+software under copyright law.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org>
+
+================================ 0BSD =================================
+
+Copyright (C) 2019 by Charles Nicholson <charles.nicholson+nanoprintf@gmail.com>
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/include/libraries/nanoprintf/nanoprintf.h b/include/libraries/nanoprintf/nanoprintf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a89479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/libraries/nanoprintf/nanoprintf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1140 @@
+/* nanoprintf v0.5.4: a tiny embeddable printf replacement written in C.
+   https://github.com/charlesnicholson/nanoprintf
+   charles.nicholson+nanoprintf@gmail.com
+   dual-licensed under 0bsd and unlicense, take your pick. see eof for details. */
+
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_H_INCLUDED
+#define NANOPRINTF_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+// Define this to fully sandbox nanoprintf inside of a translation unit.
+#ifdef NANOPRINTF_VISIBILITY_STATIC
+  #define NPF_VISIBILITY static
+#else
+  #define NPF_VISIBILITY extern
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
+  #define NPF_PRINTF_ATTR(FORMAT_INDEX, VARGS_INDEX) \
+    __attribute__((format(printf, FORMAT_INDEX, VARGS_INDEX)))
+#else
+  #define NPF_PRINTF_ATTR(FORMAT_INDEX, VARGS_INDEX)
+#endif
+
+// Public API
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// The npf_ functions all return the number of bytes required to express the
+// fully-formatted string, not including the null terminator character.
+// The npf_ functions do not return negative values, since the lack of 'l' length
+// modifier support makes encoding errors impossible.
+
+NPF_VISIBILITY int npf_snprintf(
+  char *buffer, size_t bufsz, const char *format, ...) NPF_PRINTF_ATTR(3, 4);
+
+NPF_VISIBILITY int npf_vsnprintf(
+  char *buffer, size_t bufsz, char const *format, va_list vlist) NPF_PRINTF_ATTR(3, 0);
+
+typedef void (*npf_putc)(int c, void *ctx);
+NPF_VISIBILITY int npf_pprintf(
+  npf_putc pc, void *pc_ctx, char const *format, ...) NPF_PRINTF_ATTR(3, 4);
+
+NPF_VISIBILITY int npf_vpprintf(
+  npf_putc pc, void *pc_ctx, char const *format, va_list vlist) NPF_PRINTF_ATTR(3, 0);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif // NANOPRINTF_H_INCLUDED
+
+/* The implementation of nanoprintf begins here, to be compiled only if
+   NANOPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION is defined. In a multi-file library what follows would
+   be nanoprintf.c. */
+
+#ifdef NANOPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION_INCLUDED
+#define NANOPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION_INCLUDED
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// The conversion buffer must fit at least UINT64_MAX in octal format with the leading '0'.
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_BUFFER_SIZE
+  #define NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_BUFFER_SIZE    23
+#endif
+#if NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_BUFFER_SIZE < 23
+  #error The size of the conversion buffer must be at least 23 bytes.
+#endif
+
+// Pick reasonable defaults if nothing's been configured.
+#if !defined(NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS) && \
+    !defined(NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS) && \
+    !defined(NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS) && \
+    !defined(NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS) && \
+    !defined(NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS) && \
+    !defined(NANOPRINTF_USE_WRITEBACK_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS)
+  #define NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS 1
+  #define NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS 1
+  #define NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS 1
+  #define NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS 0
+  #define NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS 0
+  #define NANOPRINTF_USE_WRITEBACK_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS 0
+#endif
+
+// If anything's been configured, everything must be configured.
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS
+  #error NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS must be #defined to 0 or 1
+#endif
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS
+  #error NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS must be #defined to 0 or 1
+#endif
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS
+  #error NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS must be #defined to 0 or 1
+#endif
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS
+  #error NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS must be #defined to 0 or 1
+#endif
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS
+  #error NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS must be #defined to 0 or 1
+#endif
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_USE_WRITEBACK_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS
+  #error NANOPRINTF_USE_WRITEBACK_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS must be #defined to 0 or 1
+#endif
+
+// Ensure flags are compatible.
+#if (NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1) && \
+    (NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 0)
+  #error Precision format specifiers must be enabled if float support is enabled.
+#endif
+
+// intmax_t / uintmax_t require stdint from c99 / c++11
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  #ifndef _MSC_VER
+    #ifdef __cplusplus
+      #if __cplusplus < 201103L
+        #error large format specifier support requires C++11 or later.
+      #endif
+    #else
+      #if __STDC_VERSION__ < 199409L
+        #error nanoprintf requires C99 or later.
+      #endif
+    #endif
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+// Figure out if we can disable warnings with pragmas.
+#ifdef __clang__
+  #define NANOPRINTF_CLANG 1
+  #define NANOPRINTF_GCC_PAST_4_6 0
+#else
+  #define NANOPRINTF_CLANG 0
+  #if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ > 4) || ((__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ > 6)))
+    #define NANOPRINTF_GCC_PAST_4_6 1
+  #else
+    #define NANOPRINTF_GCC_PAST_4_6 0
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_CLANG || NANOPRINTF_GCC_PAST_4_6
+  #define NANOPRINTF_HAVE_GCC_WARNING_PRAGMAS 1
+#else
+  #define NANOPRINTF_HAVE_GCC_WARNING_PRAGMAS 0
+#endif
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_HAVE_GCC_WARNING_PRAGMAS
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic push
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
+  #ifdef __cplusplus
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
+  #endif
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+  #if NANOPRINTF_CLANG
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++98-compat-pedantic"
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcovered-switch-default"
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeclaration-after-statement"
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"
+    #ifndef __APPLE__
+      #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunsafe-buffer-usage"
+    #endif
+  #elif NANOPRINTF_GCC_PAST_4_6
+    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  #pragma warning(push)
+  #pragma warning(disable:4619) // there is no warning number 'number'
+  // C4619 has to be disabled first!
+  #pragma warning(disable:4127) // conditional expression is constant
+  #pragma warning(disable:4505) // unreferenced local function has been removed
+  #pragma warning(disable:4514) // unreferenced inline function has been removed
+  #pragma warning(disable:4701) // potentially uninitialized local variable used
+  #pragma warning(disable:4706) // assignment within conditional expression
+  #pragma warning(disable:4710) // function not inlined
+  #pragma warning(disable:4711) // function selected for inline expansion
+  #pragma warning(disable:4820) // padding added after struct member
+  #pragma warning(disable:5039) // potentially throwing function passed to extern C function
+  #pragma warning(disable:5045) // compiler will insert Spectre mitigation for memory load
+  #pragma warning(disable:5262) // implicit switch fall-through
+  #pragma warning(disable:26812) // enum type is unscoped
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)
+  #define NPF_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+  #define NPF_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#else
+  #define NPF_NOINLINE
+#endif
+
+#if (NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1) || \
+    (NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1)
+enum {
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE,
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_LITERAL,
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_STAR,
+};
+#endif
+
+enum {
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_NONE,
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_SHORT,       // 'h'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LONG_DOUBLE, // 'L'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_CHAR,        // 'hh'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LONG,        // 'l'
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LARGE_LONG_LONG, // 'll'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LARGE_INTMAX,    // 'j'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LARGE_SIZET,     // 'z'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LARGE_PTRDIFFT,  // 't'
+#endif
+};
+
+enum {
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_NONE,
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_PERCENT,      // '%'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_CHAR,         // 'c'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_STRING,       // 's'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_SIGNED_INT,   // 'i', 'd'
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_BINARY,       // 'b'
+#endif
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_OCTAL,        // 'o'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_HEX_INT,      // 'x', 'X'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_UNSIGNED_INT, // 'u'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_POINTER,      // 'p'
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_WRITEBACK_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_WRITEBACK,    // 'n'
+#endif
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_DEC,      // 'f', 'F'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_SCI,      // 'e', 'E'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_SHORTEST, // 'g', 'G'
+  NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_HEX,      // 'a', 'A'
+#endif
+};
+
+typedef struct npf_format_spec {
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  int field_width;
+  uint8_t field_width_opt;
+  char left_justified;   // '-'
+  char leading_zero_pad; // '0'
+#endif
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  int prec;
+  uint8_t prec_opt;
+#endif
+  char prepend;          // ' ' or '+'
+  char alt_form;         // '#'
+  char case_adjust;      // 'a' - 'A'
+  uint8_t length_modifier;
+  uint8_t conv_spec;
+} npf_format_spec_t;
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 0
+  typedef long npf_int_t;
+  typedef unsigned long npf_uint_t;
+#else
+  typedef intmax_t npf_int_t;
+  typedef uintmax_t npf_uint_t;
+#endif
+
+typedef struct npf_bufputc_ctx {
+  char *dst;
+  size_t len;
+  size_t cur;
+} npf_bufputc_ctx_t;
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  typedef char npf_size_is_ptrdiff[(sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(ptrdiff_t)) ? 1 : -1];
+  typedef ptrdiff_t npf_ssize_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  #include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+static int npf_max(int x, int y) { return (x > y) ? x : y; }
+
+static int npf_parse_format_spec(char const *format, npf_format_spec_t *out_spec) {
+  char const *cur = format;
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  out_spec->left_justified = 0;
+  out_spec->leading_zero_pad = 0;
+#endif
+  out_spec->case_adjust = 'a' - 'A'; // lowercase
+  out_spec->prepend = 0;
+  out_spec->alt_form = 0;
+
+  while (*++cur) { // cur points at the leading '%' character
+    switch (*cur) { // Optional flags
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      case '-': out_spec->left_justified = '-'; out_spec->leading_zero_pad = 0; continue;
+      case '0': out_spec->leading_zero_pad = !out_spec->left_justified; continue;
+#endif
+      case '+': out_spec->prepend = '+'; continue;
+      case ' ': if (out_spec->prepend == 0) { out_spec->prepend = ' '; } continue;
+      case '#': out_spec->alt_form = '#'; continue;
+      default: break;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  out_spec->field_width = 0;
+  out_spec->field_width_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE;
+  if (*cur == '*') {
+    out_spec->field_width_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_STAR;
+    ++cur;
+  } else {
+    while ((*cur >= '0') && (*cur <= '9')) {
+      out_spec->field_width_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_LITERAL;
+      out_spec->field_width = (out_spec->field_width * 10) + (*cur++ - '0');
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+  out_spec->prec = 0;
+  out_spec->prec_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE;
+  if (*cur == '.') {
+    ++cur;
+    if (*cur == '*') {
+      out_spec->prec_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_STAR;
+      ++cur;
+    } else {
+      if (*cur == '-') {
+        ++cur;
+      } else {
+        out_spec->prec_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_LITERAL;
+      }
+      while ((*cur >= '0') && (*cur <= '9')) {
+        out_spec->prec = (out_spec->prec * 10) + (*cur++ - '0');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  uint_fast8_t tmp_conv = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_NONE;
+  out_spec->length_modifier = NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_NONE;
+  switch (*cur++) { // Length modifier
+    case 'h':
+      out_spec->length_modifier = NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_SHORT;
+      if (*cur == 'h') {
+        out_spec->length_modifier = NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_CHAR;
+        ++cur;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'l':
+      out_spec->length_modifier = NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LONG;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      if (*cur == 'l') {
+        out_spec->length_modifier = NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LARGE_LONG_LONG;
+        ++cur;
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    case 'L': out_spec->length_modifier = NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LONG_DOUBLE; break;
+#endif
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    case 'j': out_spec->length_modifier = NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LARGE_INTMAX; break;
+    case 'z': out_spec->length_modifier = NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LARGE_SIZET; break;
+    case 't': out_spec->length_modifier = NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LARGE_PTRDIFFT; break;
+#endif
+    default: --cur; break;
+  }
+
+  switch (*cur++) { // Conversion specifier
+    case '%': out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_PERCENT;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      out_spec->prec_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE;
+#endif
+      break;
+
+    case 'c': out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_CHAR;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      out_spec->prec_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE;
+#endif
+      break;
+
+    case 's': out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_STRING;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      out_spec->leading_zero_pad = 0;
+#endif
+      break;
+
+    case 'i':
+    case 'd': tmp_conv = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_SIGNED_INT;
+    case 'o':
+      if (tmp_conv == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_NONE) { tmp_conv = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_OCTAL; }
+    case 'u':
+      if (tmp_conv == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_NONE) { tmp_conv = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_UNSIGNED_INT; }
+    case 'X':
+      if (tmp_conv == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_NONE) { out_spec->case_adjust = 0; }
+    case 'x':
+      if (tmp_conv == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_NONE) { tmp_conv = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_HEX_INT; }
+      out_spec->conv_spec = (uint8_t)tmp_conv;
+#if (NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1) && \
+    (NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1)
+      if (out_spec->prec_opt != NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) { out_spec->leading_zero_pad = 0; }
+#endif
+      break;
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    case 'F': out_spec->case_adjust = 0;
+    case 'f':
+      out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_DEC;
+      if (out_spec->prec_opt == NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) { out_spec->prec = 6; }
+      break;
+
+    case 'E': out_spec->case_adjust = 0;
+    case 'e':
+      out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_SCI;
+      if (out_spec->prec_opt == NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) { out_spec->prec = 6; }
+      break;
+
+    case 'G': out_spec->case_adjust = 0;
+    case 'g':
+      out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_SHORTEST;
+      if (out_spec->prec_opt == NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) { out_spec->prec = 6; }
+      break;
+
+    case 'A': out_spec->case_adjust = 0;
+    case 'a':
+      out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_HEX;
+      if (out_spec->prec_opt == NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) { out_spec->prec = 6; }
+      break;
+#endif
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_WRITEBACK_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    case 'n':
+      // todo: reject string if flags or width or precision exist
+      out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_WRITEBACK;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      out_spec->prec_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE;
+#endif
+      break;
+#endif
+
+    case 'p':
+      out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_POINTER;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      out_spec->prec_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE;
+#endif
+      break;
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    case 'B':
+      out_spec->case_adjust = 0;
+    case 'b':
+      out_spec->conv_spec = NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_BINARY;
+      break;
+#endif
+
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+
+  return (int)(cur - format);
+}
+
+static NPF_NOINLINE int npf_utoa_rev(
+    npf_uint_t val, char *buf, uint_fast8_t base, char case_adj) {
+  uint_fast8_t n = 0;
+  do {
+    int_fast8_t const d = (int_fast8_t)(val % base);
+    *buf++ = (char)(((d < 10) ? '0' : ('A' - 10 + case_adj)) + d);
+    ++n;
+    val /= base;
+  } while (val);
+  return (int)n;
+}
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+
+#include <float.h>
+
+#if (DBL_MANT_DIG <= 11) && (DBL_MAX_EXP <= 16)
+  typedef uint_fast16_t npf_double_bin_t;
+  typedef int_fast8_t npf_ftoa_exp_t;
+#elif (DBL_MANT_DIG <= 24) && (DBL_MAX_EXP <= 128)
+  typedef uint_fast32_t npf_double_bin_t;
+  typedef int_fast8_t npf_ftoa_exp_t;
+#elif (DBL_MANT_DIG <= 53) && (DBL_MAX_EXP <= 1024)
+  typedef uint_fast64_t npf_double_bin_t;
+  typedef int_fast16_t npf_ftoa_exp_t;
+#else
+  #error Unsupported width of the double type.
+#endif
+
+// The floating point conversion code works with an unsigned integer type of any size.
+#ifndef NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_FLOAT_TYPE
+  #define NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_FLOAT_TYPE unsigned int
+#endif
+typedef NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_FLOAT_TYPE npf_ftoa_man_t;
+
+#if (NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_BUFFER_SIZE <= UINT_FAST8_MAX) && (UINT_FAST8_MAX <= INT_MAX)
+  typedef uint_fast8_t npf_ftoa_dec_t;
+#else
+  typedef int npf_ftoa_dec_t;
+#endif
+
+enum {
+  NPF_DOUBLE_EXP_MASK = DBL_MAX_EXP * 2 - 1,
+  NPF_DOUBLE_EXP_BIAS = DBL_MAX_EXP - 1,
+  NPF_DOUBLE_MAN_BITS = DBL_MANT_DIG - 1,
+  NPF_DOUBLE_BIN_BITS = sizeof(npf_double_bin_t) * CHAR_BIT,
+  NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS   = sizeof(npf_ftoa_man_t) * CHAR_BIT,
+  NPF_FTOA_SHIFT_BITS =
+    ((NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS < DBL_MANT_DIG) ? NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS : DBL_MANT_DIG) - 1
+};
+
+/* Generally, floating-point conversion implementations use
+   grisu2 (https://bit.ly/2JgMggX) and ryu (https://bit.ly/2RLXSg0) algorithms,
+   which are mathematically exact and fast, but require large lookup tables.
+
+   This implementation was inspired by Wojciech Muła's (zdjęcia@garnek.pl)
+   algorithm (http://0x80.pl/notesen/2015-12-29-float-to-string.html) and
+   extended further by adding dynamic scaling and configurable integer width by
+   Oskars Rubenis (https://github.com/Okarss). */
+
+static int npf_ftoa_rev(char *buf, npf_format_spec_t const *spec, double f) {
+  char const *ret = NULL;
+  npf_double_bin_t bin; { // Union-cast is UB pre-C11, compiler optimizes byte-copy loop.
+    char const *src = (char const *)&f;
+    char *dst = (char *)&bin;
+    for (uint_fast8_t i = 0; i < sizeof(f); ++i) { dst[i] = src[i]; }
+  }
+
+  // Unsigned -> signed int casting is IB and can raise a signal but generally doesn't.
+  npf_ftoa_exp_t exp =
+    (npf_ftoa_exp_t)((npf_ftoa_exp_t)(bin >> NPF_DOUBLE_MAN_BITS) & NPF_DOUBLE_EXP_MASK);
+
+  bin &= ((npf_double_bin_t)0x1 << NPF_DOUBLE_MAN_BITS) - 1;
+  if (exp == (npf_ftoa_exp_t)NPF_DOUBLE_EXP_MASK) { // special value
+    ret = (bin) ? "NAN" : "FNI";
+    goto exit;
+  }
+  if (spec->prec > (NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_BUFFER_SIZE - 2)) { goto exit; }
+  if (exp) { // normal number
+    bin |= (npf_double_bin_t)0x1 << NPF_DOUBLE_MAN_BITS;
+  } else { // subnormal number
+    ++exp;
+  }
+  exp = (npf_ftoa_exp_t)(exp - NPF_DOUBLE_EXP_BIAS);
+
+  uint_fast8_t carry; carry = 0;
+  npf_ftoa_dec_t end, dec; dec = (npf_ftoa_dec_t)spec->prec;
+  if (dec || spec->alt_form) {
+    buf[dec++] = '.';
+  }
+
+  { // Integer part
+    npf_ftoa_man_t man_i;
+
+    if (exp >= 0) {
+      int_fast8_t shift_i =
+        (int_fast8_t)((exp > NPF_FTOA_SHIFT_BITS) ? (int)NPF_FTOA_SHIFT_BITS : exp);
+      npf_ftoa_exp_t exp_i = (npf_ftoa_exp_t)(exp - shift_i);
+      shift_i = (int_fast8_t)(NPF_DOUBLE_MAN_BITS - shift_i);
+      man_i = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(bin >> shift_i);
+
+      if (exp_i) {
+        if (shift_i) {
+          carry = (bin >> (shift_i - 1)) & 0x1;
+        }
+        exp = NPF_DOUBLE_MAN_BITS; // invalidate the fraction part
+      }
+
+      // Scale the exponent from base-2 to base-10.
+      for (; exp_i; --exp_i) {
+        if (!(man_i & ((npf_ftoa_man_t)0x1 << (NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS - 1)))) {
+          man_i = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(man_i << 1);
+          man_i = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(man_i | carry); carry = 0;
+        } else {
+          if (dec >= NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_BUFFER_SIZE) { goto exit; }
+          buf[dec++] = '0';
+          carry = (((uint_fast8_t)(man_i % 5) + carry) > 2);
+          man_i /= 5;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      man_i = 0;
+    }
+    end = dec;
+
+    do { // Print the integer
+      if (end >= NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_BUFFER_SIZE) { goto exit; }
+      buf[end++] = (char)('0' + (char)(man_i % 10));
+      man_i /= 10;
+    } while (man_i);
+  }
+
+  { // Fraction part
+    npf_ftoa_man_t man_f;
+    npf_ftoa_dec_t dec_f = (npf_ftoa_dec_t)spec->prec;
+
+    if (exp < NPF_DOUBLE_MAN_BITS) {
+      int_fast8_t shift_f = (int_fast8_t)((exp < 0) ? -1 : exp);
+      npf_ftoa_exp_t exp_f = (npf_ftoa_exp_t)(exp - shift_f);
+      npf_double_bin_t bin_f =
+        bin << ((NPF_DOUBLE_BIN_BITS - NPF_DOUBLE_MAN_BITS) + shift_f);
+
+      // This if-else statement can be completely optimized at compile time.
+      if (NPF_DOUBLE_BIN_BITS > NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS) {
+        man_f = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(bin_f >> ((unsigned)(NPF_DOUBLE_BIN_BITS -
+                                                      NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS) %
+                                           NPF_DOUBLE_BIN_BITS));
+        carry = (uint_fast8_t)((bin_f >> ((unsigned)(NPF_DOUBLE_BIN_BITS -
+                                                     NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS - 1) %
+                                          NPF_DOUBLE_BIN_BITS)) & 0x1);
+      } else {
+        man_f = (npf_ftoa_man_t)((npf_ftoa_man_t)bin_f
+                                 << ((unsigned)(NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS -
+                                                NPF_DOUBLE_BIN_BITS) % NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS));
+        carry = 0;
+      }
+
+      // Scale the exponent from base-2 to base-10 and prepare the first digit.
+      for (uint_fast8_t digit = 0; dec_f && (exp_f < 4); ++exp_f) {
+        if ((man_f > ((npf_ftoa_man_t)-4 / 5)) || digit) {
+          carry = (uint_fast8_t)(man_f & 0x1);
+          man_f = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(man_f >> 1);
+        } else {
+          man_f = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(man_f * 5);
+          if (carry) { man_f = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(man_f + 3); carry = 0; }
+          if (exp_f < 0) {
+            buf[--dec_f] = '0';
+          } else {
+            ++digit;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      man_f = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(man_f + carry);
+      carry = (exp_f >= 0);
+      dec = 0;
+    } else {
+      man_f = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (dec_f) {
+      // Print the fraction
+      for (;;) {
+        buf[--dec_f] = (char)('0' + (char)(man_f >> (NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS - 4)));
+        man_f = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(man_f & ~((npf_ftoa_man_t)0xF << (NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS - 4)));
+        if (!dec_f) { break; }
+        man_f = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(man_f * 10);
+      }
+      man_f = (npf_ftoa_man_t)(man_f << 4);
+    }
+    if (exp < NPF_DOUBLE_MAN_BITS) {
+      carry &= (uint_fast8_t)(man_f >> (NPF_FTOA_MAN_BITS - 1));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Round the number
+  for (; carry; ++dec) {
+    if (dec >= NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_BUFFER_SIZE) { goto exit; }
+    if (dec >= end) { buf[end++] = '0'; }
+    if (buf[dec] == '.') { continue; }
+    carry = (buf[dec] == '9');
+    buf[dec] = (char)(carry ? '0' : (buf[dec] + 1));
+  }
+
+  return (int)end;
+exit:
+  if (!ret) { ret = "RRE"; }
+  uint_fast8_t i;
+  for (i = 0; ret[i]; ++i) { buf[i] = (char)(ret[i] + spec->case_adjust); }
+  return (int)i;
+}
+
+#endif // NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+static int npf_bin_len(npf_uint_t u) {
+  // Return the length of the binary string format of 'u', preferring intrinsics.
+  if (!u) { return 1; }
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER // Win64, use _BSR64 for everything. If x86, use _BSR when non-large.
+  #ifdef _M_X64
+    #define NPF_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ
+    #define NPF_CLZ _BitScanReverse64
+  #elif NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 0
+    #define NPF_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ
+    #define NPF_CLZ _BitScanReverse
+  #endif
+  #ifdef NPF_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ
+    unsigned long idx;
+    NPF_CLZ(&idx, u);
+    return (int)(idx + 1);
+  #endif
+#elif NANOPRINTF_CLANG || NANOPRINTF_GCC_PAST_4_6
+  #define NPF_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ
+  #if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    #define NPF_CLZ(X) ((sizeof(long long) * CHAR_BIT) - (size_t)__builtin_clzll(X))
+  #else
+    #define NPF_CLZ(X) ((sizeof(long) * CHAR_BIT) - (size_t)__builtin_clzl(X))
+  #endif
+  return (int)NPF_CLZ(u);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NPF_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ
+  int n;
+  for (n = 0; u; ++n, u >>= 1); // slow but small software fallback
+  return n;
+#else
+  #undef NPF_HAVE_BUILTIN_CLZ
+  #undef NPF_CLZ
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+static void npf_bufputc(int c, void *ctx) {
+  npf_bufputc_ctx_t *bpc = (npf_bufputc_ctx_t *)ctx;
+  if (bpc->cur < bpc->len) { bpc->dst[bpc->cur++] = (char)c; }
+}
+
+static void npf_bufputc_nop(int c, void *ctx) { (void)c; (void)ctx; }
+
+typedef struct npf_cnt_putc_ctx {
+  npf_putc pc;
+  void *ctx;
+  int n;
+} npf_cnt_putc_ctx_t;
+
+static void npf_putc_cnt(int c, void *ctx) {
+  npf_cnt_putc_ctx_t *pc_cnt = (npf_cnt_putc_ctx_t *)ctx;
+  ++pc_cnt->n;
+  pc_cnt->pc(c, pc_cnt->ctx); // sibling-call optimization
+}
+
+#define NPF_PUTC(VAL) do { npf_putc_cnt((int)(VAL), &pc_cnt); } while (0)
+
+#define NPF_EXTRACT(MOD, CAST_TO, EXTRACT_AS) \
+  case NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_##MOD: val = (CAST_TO)va_arg(args, EXTRACT_AS); break
+
+#define NPF_WRITEBACK(MOD, TYPE) \
+  case NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_##MOD: *(va_arg(args, TYPE *)) = (TYPE)pc_cnt.n; break
+
+int npf_vpprintf(npf_putc pc, void *pc_ctx, char const *format, va_list args) {
+  npf_format_spec_t fs;
+  char const *cur = format;
+  npf_cnt_putc_ctx_t pc_cnt;
+  pc_cnt.pc = pc;
+  pc_cnt.ctx = pc_ctx;
+  pc_cnt.n = 0;
+
+  while (*cur) {
+    int const fs_len = (*cur != '%') ? 0 : npf_parse_format_spec(cur, &fs);
+    if (!fs_len) { NPF_PUTC(*cur++); continue; }
+    cur += fs_len;
+
+    // Extract star-args immediately
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    if (fs.field_width_opt == NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_STAR) {
+      fs.field_width = va_arg(args, int);
+      if (fs.field_width < 0) {
+        fs.field_width = -fs.field_width;
+        fs.left_justified = 1;
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    if (fs.prec_opt == NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_STAR) {
+      fs.prec = va_arg(args, int);
+      if (fs.prec < 0) { fs.prec_opt = NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE; }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    union { char cbuf_mem[NANOPRINTF_CONVERSION_BUFFER_SIZE]; npf_uint_t binval; } u;
+    char *cbuf = u.cbuf_mem, sign_c = 0;
+    int cbuf_len = 0, need_0x = 0;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    int field_pad = 0;
+    char pad_c = 0;
+#endif
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    int prec_pad = 0;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    int zero = 0;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+    // Extract and convert the argument to string, point cbuf at the text.
+    switch (fs.conv_spec) {
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_PERCENT:
+        *cbuf = '%';
+        cbuf_len = 1;
+        break;
+
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_CHAR:
+        *cbuf = (char)va_arg(args, int);
+        cbuf_len = 1;
+        break;
+
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_STRING: {
+        cbuf = va_arg(args, char *);
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+        for (char const *s = cbuf;
+             ((fs.prec_opt == NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) || (cbuf_len < fs.prec)) && *s;
+             ++s, ++cbuf_len);
+#else
+        for (char const *s = cbuf; *s; ++s, ++cbuf_len); // strlen
+#endif
+      } break;
+
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_SIGNED_INT: {
+        npf_int_t val = 0;
+        switch (fs.length_modifier) {
+          NPF_EXTRACT(NONE, int, int);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(SHORT, short, int);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LONG_DOUBLE, int, int);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(CHAR, char, int);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LONG, long, long);
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LARGE_LONG_LONG, long long, long long);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LARGE_INTMAX, intmax_t, intmax_t);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LARGE_SIZET, npf_ssize_t, npf_ssize_t);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LARGE_PTRDIFFT, ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t);
+#endif
+          default: break;
+        }
+
+        sign_c = (val < 0) ? '-' : fs.prepend;
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+        zero = !val;
+#endif
+        // special case, if prec and value are 0, skip
+        if (!val && (fs.prec_opt != NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) && !fs.prec) {
+          cbuf_len = 0;
+        } else
+#endif
+        {
+          npf_uint_t uval = (npf_uint_t)val;
+          if (val < 0) { uval = 0 - uval; }
+          cbuf_len = npf_utoa_rev(uval, cbuf, 10, fs.case_adjust);
+        }
+      } break;
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_BINARY:
+#endif
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_OCTAL:
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_HEX_INT:
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_UNSIGNED_INT: {
+        npf_uint_t val = 0;
+
+        switch (fs.length_modifier) {
+          NPF_EXTRACT(NONE, unsigned, unsigned);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(SHORT, unsigned short, unsigned);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LONG_DOUBLE, unsigned, unsigned);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(CHAR, unsigned char, unsigned);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LONG, unsigned long, unsigned long);
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LARGE_LONG_LONG, unsigned long long, unsigned long long);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LARGE_INTMAX, uintmax_t, uintmax_t);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LARGE_SIZET, size_t, size_t);
+          NPF_EXTRACT(LARGE_PTRDIFFT, size_t, size_t);
+#endif
+          default: break;
+        }
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+        zero = !val;
+#endif
+        if (!val && (fs.prec_opt != NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) && !fs.prec) {
+          // Zero value and explicitly-requested zero precision means "print nothing".
+          if ((fs.conv_spec == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_OCTAL) && fs.alt_form) {
+            fs.prec = 1; // octal special case, print a single '0'
+          }
+        } else
+#endif
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+        if (fs.conv_spec == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_BINARY) {
+          cbuf_len = npf_bin_len(val); u.binval = val;
+        } else
+#endif
+        {
+          uint_fast8_t const base = (fs.conv_spec == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_OCTAL) ?
+            8u : ((fs.conv_spec == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_HEX_INT) ? 16u : 10u);
+          cbuf_len = npf_utoa_rev(val, cbuf, base, fs.case_adjust);
+        }
+
+        if (val && fs.alt_form && (fs.conv_spec == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_OCTAL)) {
+          cbuf[cbuf_len++] = '0'; // OK to add leading octal '0' immediately.
+        }
+
+        if (val && fs.alt_form) { // 0x or 0b but can't write it yet.
+          if (fs.conv_spec == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_HEX_INT) { need_0x = 'X'; }
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+          else if (fs.conv_spec == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_BINARY) { need_0x = 'B'; }
+#endif
+          if (need_0x) { need_0x += fs.case_adjust; }
+        }
+      } break;
+
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_POINTER: {
+        cbuf_len =
+          npf_utoa_rev((npf_uint_t)(uintptr_t)va_arg(args, void *), cbuf, 16, 'a' - 'A');
+        need_0x = 'x';
+      } break;
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_WRITEBACK_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_WRITEBACK:
+        switch (fs.length_modifier) {
+          NPF_WRITEBACK(NONE, int);
+          NPF_WRITEBACK(SHORT, short);
+          NPF_WRITEBACK(LONG, long);
+          NPF_WRITEBACK(LONG_DOUBLE, double);
+          NPF_WRITEBACK(CHAR, signed char);
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_LARGE_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+          NPF_WRITEBACK(LARGE_LONG_LONG, long long);
+          NPF_WRITEBACK(LARGE_INTMAX, intmax_t);
+          NPF_WRITEBACK(LARGE_SIZET, size_t);
+          NPF_WRITEBACK(LARGE_PTRDIFFT, ptrdiff_t);
+#endif
+          default: break;
+        } break;
+#endif
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_DEC:
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_SCI:
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_SHORTEST:
+      case NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_HEX: {
+        double val;
+        if (fs.length_modifier == NPF_FMT_SPEC_LEN_MOD_LONG_DOUBLE) {
+          val = (double)va_arg(args, long double);
+        } else {
+          val = va_arg(args, double);
+        }
+
+        sign_c = (val < 0.) ? '-' : fs.prepend;
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+        zero = (val == 0.);
+#endif
+        cbuf_len = npf_ftoa_rev(cbuf, &fs, val);
+      } break;
+#endif
+      default: break;
+    }
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    // Compute the field width pad character
+    if (fs.field_width_opt != NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) {
+      if (fs.leading_zero_pad) { // '0' flag is only legal with numeric types
+        if ((fs.conv_spec != NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_STRING) &&
+            (fs.conv_spec != NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_CHAR) &&
+            (fs.conv_spec != NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_PERCENT)) {
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+          if ((fs.prec_opt != NPF_FMT_SPEC_OPT_NONE) && !fs.prec && zero) {
+            pad_c = ' ';
+          } else
+#endif
+          { pad_c = '0'; }
+        }
+      } else { pad_c = ' '; }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Compute the number of bytes to truncate or '0'-pad.
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    if (fs.conv_spec != NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_STRING) {
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FLOAT_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      // float precision is after the decimal point
+      if ((fs.conv_spec != NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_DEC) &&
+          (fs.conv_spec != NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_SCI) &&
+          (fs.conv_spec != NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_SHORTEST) &&
+          (fs.conv_spec != NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_FLOAT_HEX))
+#endif
+      { prec_pad = npf_max(0, fs.prec - cbuf_len); }
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    // Given the full converted length, how many pad bytes?
+    field_pad = fs.field_width - cbuf_len - !!sign_c;
+    if (need_0x) { field_pad -= 2; }
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    field_pad -= prec_pad;
+#endif
+    field_pad = npf_max(0, field_pad);
+
+    // Apply right-justified field width if requested
+    if (!fs.left_justified && pad_c) { // If leading zeros pad, sign goes first.
+      if (pad_c == '0') {
+        if (sign_c) { NPF_PUTC(sign_c); sign_c = 0; }
+        // Pad byte is '0', write '0x' before '0' pad chars.
+        if (need_0x) { NPF_PUTC('0'); NPF_PUTC(need_0x); }
+      }
+      while (field_pad-- > 0) { NPF_PUTC(pad_c); }
+      // Pad byte is ' ', write '0x' after ' ' pad chars but before number.
+      if ((pad_c != '0') && need_0x) { NPF_PUTC('0'); NPF_PUTC(need_0x); }
+    } else
+#endif
+    { if (need_0x) { NPF_PUTC('0'); NPF_PUTC(need_0x); } } // no pad, '0x' requested.
+
+    // Write the converted payload
+    if (fs.conv_spec == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_STRING) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < cbuf_len; ++i) { NPF_PUTC(cbuf[i]); }
+    } else {
+      if (sign_c) { NPF_PUTC(sign_c); }
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_PRECISION_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      while (prec_pad-- > 0) { NPF_PUTC('0'); } // int precision leads.
+#endif
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_BINARY_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+      if (fs.conv_spec == NPF_FMT_SPEC_CONV_BINARY) {
+        while (cbuf_len) { NPF_PUTC('0' + ((u.binval >> --cbuf_len) & 1)); }
+      } else
+#endif
+      { while (cbuf_len-- > 0) { NPF_PUTC(cbuf[cbuf_len]); } } // payload is reversed
+    }
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_USE_FIELD_WIDTH_FORMAT_SPECIFIERS == 1
+    if (fs.left_justified && pad_c) { // Apply left-justified field width
+      while (field_pad-- > 0) { NPF_PUTC(pad_c); }
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return pc_cnt.n;
+}
+
+#undef NPF_PUTC
+#undef NPF_EXTRACT
+#undef NPF_WRITEBACK
+
+int npf_pprintf(npf_putc pc, void *pc_ctx, char const *format, ...) {
+  va_list val;
+  va_start(val, format);
+  int const rv = npf_vpprintf(pc, pc_ctx, format, val);
+  va_end(val);
+  return rv;
+}
+
+int npf_snprintf(char *buffer, size_t bufsz, const char *format, ...) {
+  va_list val;
+  va_start(val, format);
+  int const rv = npf_vsnprintf(buffer, bufsz, format, val);
+  va_end(val);
+  return rv;
+}
+
+int npf_vsnprintf(char *buffer, size_t bufsz, char const *format, va_list vlist) {
+  npf_bufputc_ctx_t bufputc_ctx;
+  bufputc_ctx.dst = buffer;
+  bufputc_ctx.len = bufsz;
+  bufputc_ctx.cur = 0;
+
+  npf_putc const pc = buffer ? npf_bufputc : npf_bufputc_nop;
+  int const n = npf_vpprintf(pc, &bufputc_ctx, format, vlist);
+  pc('\0', &bufputc_ctx);
+
+  if (buffer && bufsz) {
+#ifdef NANOPRINTF_SNPRINTF_SAFE_EMPTY_STRING_ON_OVERFLOW
+    if (n >= (int)bufsz) { buffer[0] = '\0'; }
+#else
+    buffer[bufsz - 1] = '\0';
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return n;
+}
+
+#if NANOPRINTF_HAVE_GCC_WARNING_PRAGMAS
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  #pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif // NANOPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION_INCLUDED
+#endif // NANOPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+/*
+  nanoprintf is dual-licensed under both the "Unlicense" and the
+  "Zero-Clause BSD" (0BSD) licenses. The intent of this dual-licensing
+  structure is to make nanoprintf as consumable as possible in as many
+  environments / countries / companies as possible without any
+  encumberances.
+
+  The text of the two licenses follows below:
+
+  ============================== UNLICENSE ==============================
+
+  This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+  Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+  distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+  binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+  means.
+
+  In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+  of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+  software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+  of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+  successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+  relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+  software under copyright law.
+
+  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+  MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+  OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+  ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+  OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+  For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org>
+
+  ================================ 0BSD =================================
+
+  Copyright (C) 2019- by Charles Nicholson <charles.nicholson+nanoprintf@gmail.com>
+
+  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for
+  any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted.
+
+  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
diff --git a/include/libstd_replacements.h b/include/libstd_replacements.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..824d05c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/libstd_replacements.h
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#ifndef _LIBSTD_REPLACEMENTS_H
+#define _LIBSTD_REPLACEMENTS_H
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <new>
+
+// To reduce the binary size, we need to get rid of libstdc++
+// But we were happily using some functions that made life easier.
+// so this file was created to provide some similar functions/functionalities
+// (although stripped down to the bare minimum we're using)
+
+namespace ptgb
+{
+    /**
+     * This utility/convenience function converts the given value to a string.
+     * WARNING: it AND its other variants always use the same buffer.
+     * So calling it more than once will overwrite the previously returned string!
+     * 
+     * Be careful!
+     * In case you want to convert more than one int to string within the same call,
+     * consider using npf_snprintf instead!
+     * 
+     * Also: if you want to hold on to the converted value, consider copying the returned string
+     */
+    const char* to_string(int intVal);
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * This utility/convenience function converts the given value to a string.
+     * WARNING: it AND its other variants always use the same buffer.
+     * So calling it more than once will overwrite the previously returned string!
+     * 
+     * Be careful!
+     * In case you want to convert more than one int to string within the same call,
+     * consider using npf_snprintf instead!
+     * 
+     * Also: if you want to hold on to the converted value, consider copying the returned string
+     */
+    const char* to_string(unsigned int wordVal);
+
+    template <class ValueType>
+    class vector
+    {
+    public:
+        static constexpr size_t default_capacity = 10;
+
+        vector()
+            : buffer_()
+            , capacity_(default_capacity)
+            , count_(0)
+        {
+            buffer_ = static_cast<ValueType*>(::operator new(capacity_ * sizeof(ValueType)));
+        }
+
+        vector(const ValueType* valueList, size_t listSize)
+            : buffer_()
+            , capacity_(listSize)
+            , count_(0)
+        {
+            buffer_ = static_cast<ValueType*>(::operator new(capacity_ * sizeof(ValueType)));
+            insert(valueList, listSize);
+        }
+
+        ~vector()
+        {
+            clear();
+            ::operator delete(buffer_);
+        }
+
+        void reserve(size_t newSize)
+        {
+            ValueType *oldValue;
+            ValueType *oldBuffer;
+            if(newSize <= capacity_)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            oldBuffer = buffer_;
+            buffer_ = static_cast<ValueType*>(::operator new(newSize * sizeof(ValueType)));
+            capacity_ = newSize;
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < count_; ++i)
+            {
+                oldValue = oldBuffer + i;
+
+                new(buffer_ + i) ValueType(*oldValue);
+                oldValue->~ValueType();
+            }
+
+            ::operator delete(oldBuffer);
+        }
+
+        void resize(size_t newSize)
+        {
+            resize(newSize, ValueType());
+        }
+
+        void resize(size_t newSize, const ValueType& value)
+        {
+            if(newSize < count_)
+            {
+                for(size_t i=0; i < (count_ - newSize); ++i)
+                {
+                    pop_back();
+                }
+            }
+            else if(newSize > count_)
+            {
+                for(size_t i=0; i < (newSize - count_); ++i)
+                {
+                    push_back(value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void push_back(const ValueType& value)
+        {
+            if(count_ == capacity_)
+            {
+                reserve(capacity_ * 2);
+            }
+            new(buffer_ + count_) ValueType(value);
+            ++count_;
+        }
+
+        void pop_back()
+        {
+            ValueType *value = buffer_ + ((count_ - 1));
+            value->~ValueType();
+            --count_;
+        }
+
+        void insert(vector<ValueType>& otherList)
+        {
+            reserve(count_ + otherList.size());
+
+            for(size_t i=0; i < otherList.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                push_back(otherList.at(i));
+            }
+        }
+
+        void insert(const ValueType* list, size_t listSize)
+        {
+            reserve(count_ + listSize);
+            for(size_t i=0; i < listSize; ++i)
+            {
+                push_back(list[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void clear()
+        {
+            resize(0);
+        }
+
+        size_t size() const { return count_; }
+        size_t capacity() const { return capacity_; }
+
+        ValueType& at(size_t index)
+        {
+            return operator[](index);
+        }
+
+        const ValueType& at(size_t index) const
+        {
+            return operator[](index);
+        }
+        
+        ValueType& operator[](size_t index)
+        {
+            return *reinterpret_cast<ValueType*>(buffer_ + index);
+        }
+        
+        const ValueType& operator[](size_t index) const
+        {
+            return *reinterpret_cast<const ValueType*>(buffer_ + index);
+        }
+    private:
+        ValueType *buffer_;
+        size_t capacity_;
+        size_t count_;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/pokemon_data.h b/include/pokemon_data.h
index 1555d0a..25362bc 100644
--- a/include/pokemon_data.h
+++ b/include/pokemon_data.h
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #define POKEMON_DATA_H
 
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <string>
 
 #define erratic_max (u32)600000
 #define fast_max (u32)800000
diff --git a/include/script_var.h b/include/script_var.h
index 05a324c..96fbf1c 100644
--- a/include/script_var.h
+++ b/include/script_var.h
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <vector>
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 #include <string>
 #include "rom_data.h"
 
 class script_var
 {
 public:
-    script_var(u32 nValue, std::vector<script_var *> &var_list_ref, int *nCurr_loc_ptr);
-    script_var(std::vector<script_var *> &var_list_ref, int *nCurr_loc_ptr);
+    script_var(u32 nValue, ptgb::vector<script_var *> &var_list_ref, int *nCurr_loc_ptr);
+    script_var(ptgb::vector<script_var *> &var_list_ref, int *nCurr_loc_ptr);
     virtual void fill_refrences(u8 mg_array_ptr[]); // goes through all the script locations and updates them to point to the start
     virtual void set_start();                       // Add a pointer to where the start is
     u32 place_word();                               // Place the value in memory
     int *curr_loc_ptr;
     u32 value;
-    std::vector<u32> location_list; // stores all the locations in the script that need to be updated
+    ptgb::vector<u32> location_list; // stores all the locations in the script that need to be updated
     u32 start_location_in_script;
 };
 
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ public:
     using xse_var::xse_var;
     void insert_music_data(u8 mg_array[], u8 blockCount, u8 priority, u8 reverb, u32 toneDataPointer);
     void set_start();
-    void add_track(std::vector<byte> track);
+    void add_track(const byte* trackBytes, size_t trackSize);
     int numTracks;
-    std::vector<u32> trackPointers;
-    std::vector<std::vector<byte>> trackArrays;
+    ptgb::vector<u32> trackPointers;
+    ptgb::vector<ptgb::vector<byte>> trackArrays;
 };
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/select_menu.h b/include/select_menu.h
index f9dd201..bcfdeb8 100644
--- a/include/select_menu.h
+++ b/include/select_menu.h
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 #define SELECT_MENU_H
 
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 #include "text_engine.h"
 
 #define LANG_MENU 1
@@ -21,8 +20,8 @@ public:
     void set_lang(int nLang);
 
 private:
-    std::vector<const byte*> menu_options;
-    std::vector<int> return_values;
+    ptgb::vector<const byte*> menu_options;
+    ptgb::vector<int> return_values;
     unsigned int curr_selection;
     bool cancel_enabled;
     int menu_type;
diff --git a/include/z80_asm.h b/include/z80_asm.h
index 9af3bae..ac5887e 100644
--- a/include/z80_asm.h
+++ b/include/z80_asm.h
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef Z80_ASM_H
 #define Z80_ASM_H
 
-#include <string>
 #include <stdarg.h>
-#include <vector>
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 
 /*
 All registers are above 16 to not confuse them with u8 or u16
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ class z80_asm_handler
 public:
     int index;
     int memory_offset;
-    std::vector<byte> data_vector;
+    ptgb::vector<byte> data_vector;
 
     z80_asm_handler(int data_size, int mem_offset);
     void add_byte(u8 value);
@@ -110,31 +109,30 @@ public:
 
 private:
     void ROT(int reg, int info);
-    void throw_error(std::string message);
 };
 
 class z80_variable
 {
 public:
-    std::vector<byte> data;
+    ptgb::vector<byte> data;
     int size;
-    z80_variable(std::vector<z80_variable*> *var_vec, int data_size, ...);
-    z80_variable(std::vector<z80_variable*> *var_vec);
+    z80_variable(ptgb::vector<z80_variable*> *var_vec, int data_size, ...);
+    z80_variable(ptgb::vector<z80_variable*> *var_vec);
     void load_data(int data_size, byte array_data[]);
     int place_ptr(z80_asm_handler *z80_instance);
     void insert_variable(z80_asm_handler *var);
     void update_ptrs();
 
 private:
-    std::vector<int> ptr_locations;
-    std::vector<z80_asm_handler *> asm_handlers;
+    ptgb::vector<int> ptr_locations;
+    ptgb::vector<z80_asm_handler *> asm_handlers;
     int var_mem_location;
 };
 
 class z80_jump
 {
 public:
-    z80_jump(std::vector<z80_jump*> *jump_vec);
+    z80_jump(ptgb::vector<z80_jump*> *jump_vec);
     int place_relative_jump(z80_asm_handler *z80_instance);
     int place_direct_jump(z80_asm_handler *z80_instance);
     int place_pointer(z80_asm_handler *z80_instance);
@@ -142,9 +140,9 @@ public:
     void update_jumps();
 
 private:
-    std::vector<int> ptr_locations;
-    std::vector<z80_asm_handler *> asm_handlers;
-    std::vector<bool> jump_types;
+    ptgb::vector<int> ptr_locations;
+    ptgb::vector<z80_asm_handler *> asm_handlers;
+    ptgb::vector<bool> jump_types;
     int jump_mem_location;
 };
 
diff --git a/loader/data/multiboot_rom.bin b/loader/data/multiboot_rom.bin
deleted file mode 100644
index f09f806..0000000
Binary files a/loader/data/multiboot_rom.bin and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/source/button_menu.cpp b/source/button_menu.cpp
index df35655..196986d 100644
--- a/source/button_menu.cpp
+++ b/source/button_menu.cpp
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ void Button_Menu::show_buttons()
 
 void Button_Menu::hide_buttons()
 {
-    for (Button &curr_btn : button_vector)
+    for(size_t i=0; i < button_vector.size(); ++i)
     {
-        curr_btn.hide();
+        button_vector[i].hide();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/source/flash_mem.cpp b/source/flash_mem.cpp
index 233fe90..ac835e2 100644
--- a/source/flash_mem.cpp
+++ b/source/flash_mem.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <string>
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 #include "flash_mem.h"
 #include "pokemon.h"
 #include "rom_data.h"
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void initalize_memory_locations()
         copy_save_to_ram(memory_section_array[mem_section], &global_memory_buffer[0], 0x1000);
         tte_set_pos(8, 0);
         tte_write("loc: ");
-        tte_write(std::to_string(memory_section_array[mem_section] + mem_start).c_str());
+        tte_write(ptgb::to_string(memory_section_array[mem_section] + mem_start));
         tte_write("\n");
         for (int i = mem_start; i < (128 + mem_start); i++)
         {
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void initalize_memory_locations()
             {
                 tte_write("#{cx:0xD000}");
             }
-            tte_write(std::to_string(global_memory_buffer[i]).c_str());
+            tte_write(ptgb::to_string(global_memory_buffer[i]));
             if (i % 8 == 7)
             {
                 tte_write("\n");
@@ -153,15 +153,15 @@ bool read_flag(u16 flag_id)
     {
         tte_set_pos(0, 0);
         tte_write("#{cx:0xD000}Attempting to read byte ");
-        tte_write(std::to_string((curr_rom.offset_flags + (flag_id / 8)) % 0xF80).c_str());
+        tte_write(ptgb::to_string((curr_rom.offset_flags + (flag_id / 8)) % 0xF80));
         tte_write(" of memory section ");
-        tte_write(std::to_string(1 + ((curr_rom.offset_flags + (flag_id / 8)) / 0xF80)).c_str());
+        tte_write(ptgb::to_string(1 + ((curr_rom.offset_flags + (flag_id / 8)) / 0xF80)));
         tte_write(" for flag ");
-        tte_write(std::to_string(flag_id).c_str());
+        tte_write(ptgb::to_string(flag_id));
         tte_write(". Flag is ");
         copy_save_to_ram(memory_section_array[1 + ((curr_rom.offset_flags + (flag_id / 8)) / 0xF80)], &global_memory_buffer[0], 0x1000);
         u8 flags = global_memory_buffer[(curr_rom.offset_flags + (flag_id / 8)) % 0xF80];
-        tte_write(std::to_string((flags >> (flag_id % 8)) & 0b1).c_str());
+        tte_write(ptgb::to_string((flags >> (flag_id % 8)) & 0b1));
         while (true)
         {
         };
diff --git a/source/gameboy_colour.cpp b/source/gameboy_colour.cpp
index 11d5363..bf66f45 100644
--- a/source/gameboy_colour.cpp
+++ b/source/gameboy_colour.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 // Source: https://github.com/stevenchaulk/arduino-poke-gen2
 
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <string>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include "libraries/nanoprintf/nanoprintf.h"
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 #include "gameboy_colour.h"
 #include "pokemon_trade.h"
 #include "script_array.h"
@@ -71,22 +74,40 @@ bool end_of_data;
 
 byte data_packet[PACKET_SIZE];
 
-std::string spi_text_out_array[10];
+#define SPI_TEXT_OUT_ARRAY_ELEMENT_SIZE 64
+// 10 elements of 64 bytes, zero-initialized.
+char spi_text_out_array[10][SPI_TEXT_OUT_ARRAY_ELEMENT_SIZE] = {
+  {0},
+  {0},
+  {0},
+  {0},
+  {0},
+  {0},
+  {0},
+  {0},
+  {0},
+  {0}
+};
 
-void print(std::string str)
+void print(const char* format, ...)
 {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, format);
+
   for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--)
   {
-    spi_text_out_array[i] = spi_text_out_array[i - 1];
+    strncpy(spi_text_out_array[i], spi_text_out_array[i - 1], SPI_TEXT_OUT_ARRAY_ELEMENT_SIZE);
   }
-  spi_text_out_array[0] = str + "\n";
+
+  npf_vsnprintf(spi_text_out_array[0], SPI_TEXT_OUT_ARRAY_ELEMENT_SIZE, format, args);
+  va_end(args);
 
   tte_erase_rect(LEFT, TOP, RIGHT, BOTTOM);
   tte_set_pos(LEFT, 0);
   for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
   {
     ptgb_write("#{cx:0xE000}");
-    ptgb_write(spi_text_out_array[j].c_str());
+    ptgb_write(spi_text_out_array[j]);
   }
 }
 
@@ -314,12 +335,7 @@ int loop(byte *box_data_storage, byte *curr_payload, GB_ROM *curr_gb_rom, Simpli
     if (PRINT_LINK_DATA && false)
     {
       tte_set_margins(0, 0, H_MAX, V_MAX);
-      print(
-          std::to_string(counter) + ": [" +
-          std::to_string(data_counter) + "][" +
-          std::to_string(state) + "][" +
-          std::to_string(in_data) + "][" +
-          std::to_string(out_data) + "]\n");
+      print("%d: [%d][%d][%" PRIu8 "][%" PRIu8 "]\n\n", counter, data_counter, state, in_data, out_data);
     }
     out_data = handleIncomingByte(in_data, box_data_storage, curr_payload, curr_gb_rom, curr_simple_array, cancel_connection);
 
@@ -400,20 +416,20 @@ byte exchange_boxes(byte curr_in, byte *box_data_storage, GB_ROM *curr_gb_rom)
     if (SHOW_DATA_PACKETS)
     {
       ptgb_write("P: ");
-      ptgb_write(std::to_string(data_packet[0]).c_str());
+      ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(data_packet[0]));
       ptgb_write("\n");
       for (int i = 0; i < DATA_PER_PACKET; i++)
       {
-        ptgb_write(std::to_string(i).c_str());
+        ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(i));
         ptgb_write(": ");
-        ptgb_write(std::to_string(data_packet[PACKET_DATA_AT(i)]).c_str());
+        ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(data_packet[PACKET_DATA_AT(i)]));
         ptgb_write(" [");
-        ptgb_write(std::to_string(data_packet[PACKET_FLAG_AT(i)]).c_str());
+        ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(data_packet[PACKET_FLAG_AT(i)]));
         ptgb_write("]\n");
       }
-      ptgb_write(std::to_string(checksum).c_str());
+      ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(checksum));
       ptgb_write(" = ");
-      ptgb_write(std::to_string(data_packet[PACKET_CHECKSUM]).c_str());
+      ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(data_packet[PACKET_CHECKSUM]));
     }
 
     if (checksum == data_packet[PACKET_CHECKSUM] && !init_packet && !(test_packet_fail && received_offset == 128)) // Verify if the data matches the checksum
@@ -452,9 +468,9 @@ byte exchange_boxes(byte curr_in, byte *box_data_storage, GB_ROM *curr_gb_rom)
     if (SHOW_DATA_PACKETS)
     {
       ptgb_write("\nNO: ");
-      ptgb_write(std::to_string(next_offset).c_str());
+      ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(next_offset));
       ptgb_write("\nFP: ");
-      ptgb_write(std::to_string(failed_packet).c_str());
+      ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(failed_packet));
     }
 
     if (!init_packet)
@@ -477,9 +493,9 @@ byte exchange_boxes(byte curr_in, byte *box_data_storage, GB_ROM *curr_gb_rom)
     if (SHOW_DATA_PACKETS)
     {
       ptgb_write("\nRO: ");
-      ptgb_write(std::to_string(received_offset).c_str());
+      ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(received_offset));
       ptgb_write("\nIP: ");
-      ptgb_write(std::to_string(init_packet).c_str());
+      ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(init_packet));
 
       while (!key_held(KEY_A))
       {
diff --git a/source/global_frame_controller.cpp b/source/global_frame_controller.cpp
index 6859c24..883f2c9 100644
--- a/source/global_frame_controller.cpp
+++ b/source/global_frame_controller.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <tonc.h>
 #include <cmath>
-
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 #include "global_frame_controller.h"
 #include "random.h"
 #include "background_engine.h"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void global_next_frame()
     key_poll();
     rand_next_frame();
     // tte_set_pos(0, 0);
-    // tte_write(std::to_string(get_rand_u32()).c_str());
+    // tte_write(ptgb::to_string(get_rand_u32()));
     background_frame(global_frame_count);
     determine_fennel_blink();
     if (missingno_enabled)
diff --git a/source/libstd_replacements.cpp b/source/libstd_replacements.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fe3421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/libstd_replacements.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#define NANOPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION 1
+
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
+#include "libraries/nanoprintf/nanoprintf.h"
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+// recommended for a 32 bit system to have at least 33 bytes available
+// source: https://cplusplus.com/reference/cstdlib/itoa/
+// unfortunately itoa is not standardized, so we'll have to make do with snprintf
+static char conversion_buffer[33];
+
+extern "C"
+{
+// HACK:
+// Unfortunately, libtonc references siscanf, which in turn causes a "lot" of binary bloat from newlibc (in regards to locale support)
+// to be pulled in by the linker.
+// However, if you look at what it is actually used for (in libtonc's tte_iohook.c), is just to extract 1 or 2 integers from a string
+// by specifying a custom -extremely simplified- version, we can avoid pulling in the version from libc (alongside all the symbols IT references)
+// Obviously it doesn't support everything it should. Just enough to support libtonc's current iteration.
+//
+// Anyway, doing this optimizes away a lot of scanf related functions from newlib and locale support among which a 13KB "categories" symbol.
+int siscanf(const char *str, const char *format, ...)
+{
+    bool expectingFormatSpecifier = false;
+    va_list args;
+    int* resultVal;
+    int ret = 0;
+    va_start(args, format);
+
+    while(*format != '\0')
+    {
+        if(*str == '\0')
+        {
+            //EOF encountered.
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if(expectingFormatSpecifier)
+        {
+            if(*format == 'd')
+            {
+                resultVal = va_arg(args, int*);
+                (*resultVal) = 0;
+                while(isdigit(*str))
+                {
+                    (*resultVal) *= 10;
+                    (*resultVal) += (*str) - '0';
+                    ++str;
+                }
+                // go back to the last character of the int, because we'll forward by one again at the end of the outer loop
+                --str;
+                ++ret;
+            }
+            expectingFormatSpecifier = false;
+        }
+        else if((*format) == '%')
+        {
+            expectingFormatSpecifier = true;
+        }
+
+        ++format;
+        ++str;
+    }
+
+    va_end(args);
+    return ret;
+}
+}
+
+const char* ptgb::to_string(int intVal)
+{
+    npf_snprintf(conversion_buffer, sizeof(conversion_buffer), "%d", intVal);
+    return conversion_buffer;
+}
+
+const char* ptgb::to_string(unsigned int wordVal)
+{
+    npf_snprintf(conversion_buffer, sizeof(conversion_buffer), "%u", wordVal);
+    return conversion_buffer;
+}
+
+// when compiling with -nostdlib++, we need to provide our own operator new and delete implementations
+// Regular operator new
+void* operator new(std::size_t size) {
+    void* ptr = std::malloc(size);
+    if (!ptr) {
+        // mimic standard behavior: throw std::bad_alloc
+        // but we can't use std::bad_alloc without libstdc++
+        // so instead we can abort or return nullptr
+        // You can also implement a custom exception if needed
+        std::abort();
+    }
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+// nothrow version
+void* operator new(std::size_t size, const std::nothrow_t&) noexcept {
+    return std::malloc(size);
+}
+
+// operator delete
+void operator delete(void* ptr) noexcept {
+    std::free(ptr);
+}
+
+// nothrow delete
+void operator delete(void* ptr, const std::nothrow_t&) noexcept {
+    std::free(ptr);
+}
+
+// sized delete (optional, for C++14 and newer)
+void operator delete(void* ptr, std::size_t size) noexcept {
+    (void)size;
+    std::free(ptr);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/main.cpp b/source/main.cpp
index 1701578..23b6902 100644
--- a/source/main.cpp
+++ b/source/main.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <string>
 #include <cstring>
 // #include <maxmod.h> //Music
-
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 #include "flash_mem.h"
 #include "interrupt.h"
 #include "gb_link.h"
@@ -85,14 +84,16 @@ int test_main(void) Music
 // (R + G*32 + B*1024)
 #define RGB(r, g, b) (r + (g * 32) + (b * 1024))
 
+// make sure outBuffer is large enough! Should be at least hex_len + 1
 template <typename I>
-std::string n2hexstr(I w, size_t hex_len = sizeof(I) << 1)
+void n2hexstr(char* outBuffer, I w, size_t hex_len = sizeof(I) << 1)
 {
 	static const char *digits = "0123456789ABCDEF";
-	std::string rc(hex_len, '0');
+	memset(outBuffer, '0', hex_len);
+	outBuffer[hex_len] = '\0'; // we must make sure to terminate the string
+
 	for (size_t i = 0, j = (hex_len - 1) * 4; i < hex_len; ++i, j -= 4)
-		rc[i] = digits[(w >> j) & 0x0f];
-	return rc;
+		outBuffer[i] = digits[(w >> j) & 0x0f];
 }
 
 void load_graphics()
@@ -196,6 +197,7 @@ void first_load_message(void)
 
 int credits()
 {
+	char hexBuffer[16];
 #define CREDITS_ARRAY_SIZE 19
 	int curr_credits_num = 0;
 	const byte *credits_array[CREDITS_ARRAY_SIZE] = {
@@ -269,9 +271,7 @@ int credits()
 
 			create_textbox(4, 1, 160, 80, true);
 			ptgb_write_debug("Debug info:\n\nG: ", true);
-			std::string lang;
-			lang += curr_rom.language;
-			ptgb_write_debug(lang.c_str(), true);
+			ptgb_write_debug(ptgb::to_string(curr_rom.language), true);
 			switch (curr_rom.gamecode)
 			{
 			case RUBY_ID:
@@ -290,18 +290,22 @@ int credits()
 				ptgb_write_debug("-E-", true);
 				break;
 			}
-			ptgb_write_debug(std::to_string(curr_rom.version).c_str(), true);
+
+			ptgb_write_debug(ptgb::to_string(curr_rom.version), true);
 
 			ptgb_write_debug("\nF: ", true);
-			ptgb_write_debug(std::to_string(e4_flag).c_str(), true);
-			ptgb_write_debug(std::to_string(mg_flag).c_str(), true);
-			ptgb_write_debug(std::to_string(all_collected_flag).c_str(), true);
+			ptgb_write_debug(ptgb::to_string(e4_flag), true);
+			ptgb_write_debug(ptgb::to_string(mg_flag), true);
+			ptgb_write_debug(ptgb::to_string(all_collected_flag), true);
 			ptgb_write_debug("-", true);
-			ptgb_write_debug((n2hexstr(pkmn_flags)).c_str(), true);
+
+			n2hexstr(hexBuffer, pkmn_flags);
+			ptgb_write_debug(hexBuffer, true);
 			ptgb_write_debug("\nS:   ", true);
-			ptgb_write_debug(std::to_string(tutorial).c_str(), true);
+			ptgb_write_debug(ptgb::to_string(tutorial), true);
 			ptgb_write_debug("-", true);
-			ptgb_write_debug((n2hexstr(def_lang)).c_str(), true);
+			n2hexstr(hexBuffer, def_lang);
+			ptgb_write_debug(hexBuffer, true);
 
 			ptgb_write_debug("\n", true);
 			ptgb_write_debug(VERSION, true);
diff --git a/source/mystery_gift_builder.cpp b/source/mystery_gift_builder.cpp
index aff437b..09ef517 100644
--- a/source/mystery_gift_builder.cpp
+++ b/source/mystery_gift_builder.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <vector>
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 #include "mystery_gift_builder.h"
 #include "pokemon_party.h"
 #include "pokemon_data.h"
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ mystery_gift_script::mystery_gift_script()
 
 void mystery_gift_script::build_script(Pokemon_Party &incoming_box_data)
 {
-    std::vector<script_var *> mg_variable_list;
-    std::vector<script_var *> sec30_variable_list;
+    ptgb::vector<script_var *> mg_variable_list;
+    ptgb::vector<script_var *> sec30_variable_list;
 
     asm_var sendMonToPC_ptr(curr_rom.loc_sendMonToPC + READ_AS_THUMB, sec30_variable_list, &curr_section30_index);
     asm_var returned_box_success_ptr(ptr_box_return, sec30_variable_list, &curr_section30_index);
@@ -283,13 +283,26 @@ void mystery_gift_script::build_script(Pokemon_Party &incoming_box_data)
     const int movementGoDownArray[2] = {MOVEMENT_ACTION_WALK_FAST_DOWN, MOVEMENT_ACTION_FACE_UP};
     movementGoDown.set_movement(movementGoDownArray, 2);
 
-    // songLooker.add_track({0xBC, 0x00, 0xBB, 0x38, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x60, 0xBF, 0x3D, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x51, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x53, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x54, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xE8, 0x55, 0x92, 0xBE, 0x64, 0x82, 0x6C, 0x84, 0x74, 0x85, 0xB1});
-    songLooker.add_track({0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x60, 0xBF, 0x46, 0xC0, 0x40, 0x83, 0xD4, 0x51, 0x3C, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x53, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x54, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xE8, 0x55, 0x99, 0x81, 0xB1});
-    songLooker.add_track({0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x34, 0xBE, 0x6E, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x3C, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x3B, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x3C, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xEA, 0x3D, 0x9B, 0x83, 0xB1});
-    songLooker.add_track({0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x34, 0xBE, 0x6E, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x39, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x36, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x37, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xEA, 0x39, 0x9B, 0x83, 0xB1});
-    songLooker.add_track({0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x34, 0xBE, 0x6E, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x34, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x32, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x34, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xEA, 0x37, 0x9B, 0x83, 0xB1});
-    // songLooker.add_track({0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x3C, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x58, 0xBE, 0x3B, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x40, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x42, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x43, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xE8, 0x99, 0x81, 0xB1});
-    // songLooker.add_track({0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x18, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x48, 0xBF, 0x1E, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xA0, 0xD0, 0x43, 0x70, 0x86, 0x45, 0x8C, 0x46, 0x8C, 0x45, 0x86, 0x47, 0x86, 0x49, 0x81, 0xB1});
+    // const byte track_1[] = {0xBC, 0x00, 0xBB, 0x38, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x60, 0xBF, 0x3D, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x51, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x53, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x54, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xE8, 0x55, 0x92, 0xBE, 0x64, 0x82, 0x6C, 0x84, 0x74, 0x85, 0xB1};
+    // songLooker.add_track(track_1, sizeof(track_1));
+
+    const byte track_2[] = {0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x60, 0xBF, 0x46, 0xC0, 0x40, 0x83, 0xD4, 0x51, 0x3C, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x53, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x54, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xE8, 0x55, 0x99, 0x81, 0xB1};
+    songLooker.add_track(track_2, sizeof(track_2));
+
+    const byte track_3[] = {0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x34, 0xBE, 0x6E, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x3C, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x3B, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x3C, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xEA, 0x3D, 0x9B, 0x83, 0xB1};
+    songLooker.add_track(track_3, sizeof(track_3));
+
+    const byte track_4[] = {0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x34, 0xBE, 0x6E, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x39, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x36, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x37, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xEA, 0x39, 0x9B, 0x83, 0xB1};
+    songLooker.add_track(track_4, sizeof(track_4));
+
+    const byte track_5[] = {0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x38, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x34, 0xBE, 0x6E, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x34, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x32, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x34, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xEA, 0x37, 0x9B, 0x83, 0xB1};
+    songLooker.add_track(track_5, sizeof(track_5));
+
+    // const byte track_6[] = {0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x3C, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBF, 0x58, 0xBE, 0x3B, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x40, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x42, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x43, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x92, 0xE8, 0x99, 0x81, 0xB1};
+    // songLooker.add_track(track_6, sizeof(track_6));
+
+    // const byte track_7[] = {0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x18, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x48, 0xBF, 0x1E, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xA0, 0xD0, 0x43, 0x70, 0x86, 0x45, 0x8C, 0x46, 0x8C, 0x45, 0x86, 0x47, 0x86, 0x49, 0x81, 0xB1};
+    // songLooker.add_track(track_7, sizeof(track_7));
 
     unsigned char instrument;
     switch (curr_rom.gamecode)
@@ -307,8 +320,12 @@ void mystery_gift_script::build_script(Pokemon_Party &incoming_box_data)
         instrument = 0x26;
         break;
     };
-    songLooker.add_track({0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, instrument, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x21, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x20, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x1F, 0x86, 0xDA, 0x8C, 0xD4, 0x2D, 0x86, 0x21, 0x8C, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0xD4, 0x85, 0xB1});
-    // songLooker.add_track({0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x7E, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x53, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x24, 0x70, 0x8C, 0xD4, 0x98, 0x32, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0x30, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0x2D, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x85, 0xB1});
+
+    const byte track_instrument_1[] = {0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, instrument, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xC0, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x21, 0x70, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x20, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0x1F, 0x86, 0xDA, 0x8C, 0xD4, 0x2D, 0x86, 0x21, 0x8C, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x8C, 0xD4, 0x85, 0xB1};
+    songLooker.add_track(track_instrument_1, sizeof(track_instrument_1));
+
+    // const byte track_unused[] = {0xBC, 0x00, 0xBD, 0x7E, 0xC4, 0x00, 0xBE, 0x53, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xD4, 0x24, 0x70, 0x8C, 0xD4, 0x98, 0x32, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0x30, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0x2D, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x86, 0xD4, 0x85, 0xB1};
+    // songLooker.add_track(track_unused, sizeof(track_unused));
 
     int dex_nums[MAX_PKMN_IN_BOX] = {};
 
@@ -785,7 +802,7 @@ void mystery_gift_script::build_script(Pokemon_Party &incoming_box_data)
         tte_erase_screen();
         int val = (curr_mg_index - MG_SCRIPT_SIZE) - four_align_value;
         tte_write("MG Script exceeded by ");
-        tte_write(std::to_string(val).c_str());
+        tte_write(ptgb::to_string(val));
         tte_write(" bytes");
         while (true)
         {
@@ -797,7 +814,7 @@ void mystery_gift_script::build_script(Pokemon_Party &incoming_box_data)
         tte_erase_screen();
         int val = (curr_section30_index - 0x4096) - four_align_value;
         tte_write("S30 Script exceeded by ");
-        tte_write(std::to_string(val).c_str());
+        tte_write(ptgb::to_string(val));
         tte_write(" bytes");
         while (true)
         {
@@ -808,7 +825,7 @@ void mystery_gift_script::build_script(Pokemon_Party &incoming_box_data)
 /*
 void mystery_gift_script::build_script_old(Pokemon_Party &incoming_box_data)
 {
-    std::vector<script_var *> asm_variable_list;
+    ptgb::vector<script_var *> asm_variable_list;
     asm_var sendMonToPC_ptr(curr_rom.loc_sendMonToPC + READ_AS_THUMB, asm_variable_list, &curr_mg_index);
     asm_var returned_box_success_ptr(ptr_box_return, asm_variable_list, &curr_mg_index);
     asm_var curr_pkmn_index_ptr(ptr_pkmn_offset, asm_variable_list, &curr_mg_index);
@@ -1013,7 +1030,7 @@ void mystery_gift_script::build_script_old(Pokemon_Party &incoming_box_data)
         tte_erase_screen();
         int val = (curr_mg_index - MG_SCRIPT_SIZE) - four_align_value;
         tte_write("Script exceeded by ");
-        tte_write(std::to_string(val).c_str());
+        tte_write(ptgb::to_string(val));
         tte_write(" bytes");
         while (true)
         {
diff --git a/source/payload_builder.cpp b/source/payload_builder.cpp
index 92db6c3..6c9e1af 100644
--- a/source/payload_builder.cpp
+++ b/source/payload_builder.cpp
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@
 #include "debug_mode.h"
 #include "z80_asm.h"
 
-#include <iostream>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <iomanip>
-
 #define DATA_LOC (SHOW_DATA_PACKETS ? curr_rom.transferStringLocation : curr_rom.wEnemyMonSpecies)
 
 byte out_array[PAYLOAD_SIZE] = {};
@@ -25,8 +21,8 @@ byte *generate_payload(GB_ROM curr_rom, int type, bool debug)
 
     if ((curr_rom.generation == 1 && curr_rom.version != YELLOW_ID))
     {
-        std::vector<z80_jump *> jump_vector;
-        std::vector<z80_variable *> var_vector;
+        ptgb::vector<z80_jump *> jump_vector;
+        ptgb::vector<z80_variable *> var_vector;
 
         z80_asm_handler z80_rng_seed(0x0A, curr_rom.wSerialOtherGameboyRandomNumberListBlock + 8);
         z80_asm_handler z80_payload(0x1AA, curr_rom.wSerialEnemyDataBlock);
@@ -280,21 +276,24 @@ byte *generate_payload(GB_ROM curr_rom, int type, bool debug)
         }
 
         // Combine the vectors into the full payload
-        std::vector<byte> full_data;
+        ptgb::vector<byte> full_data;
         full_data.reserve(z80_rng_seed.data_vector.size() + z80_payload.data_vector.size() + z80_patchlist.data_vector.size());
-        full_data.insert(full_data.end(), z80_rng_seed.data_vector.begin(), z80_rng_seed.data_vector.end());
-        full_data.insert(full_data.end(), z80_payload.data_vector.begin(), z80_payload.data_vector.end());
-        full_data.insert(full_data.end(), z80_patchlist.data_vector.begin(), z80_patchlist.data_vector.end());
+        full_data.insert(z80_rng_seed.data_vector);
+        full_data.insert(z80_payload.data_vector);
+        full_data.insert(z80_patchlist.data_vector);
 
-        std::copy(full_data.begin(), full_data.end(), out_array);
+        for(size_t i=0; i < full_data.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            out_array[i] = full_data[i];
+        }
 
         return out_array;
     }
 
     else if ((curr_rom.generation == 1 && curr_rom.version == YELLOW_ID))
     {
-        std::vector<z80_jump *> jump_vector;
-        std::vector<z80_variable *> var_vector;
+        ptgb::vector<z80_jump *> jump_vector;
+        ptgb::vector<z80_variable *> var_vector;
 
         z80_asm_handler z80_rng_seed(0x0A, curr_rom.wSerialOtherGameboyRandomNumberListBlock + 8);
         z80_asm_handler z80_payload(0x1AA, curr_rom.wSerialEnemyDataBlock - 8); // Subtracting 8 is because the data is shifted after patching, removing part of the enemy name. May change depending on language
@@ -591,13 +590,16 @@ byte *generate_payload(GB_ROM curr_rom, int type, bool debug)
         }
 
         // Combine the vectors into the full payload
-        std::vector<byte> full_data;
+        ptgb::vector<byte> full_data;
         full_data.reserve(z80_rng_seed.data_vector.size() + z80_payload.data_vector.size() + z80_patchlist.data_vector.size());
-        full_data.insert(full_data.end(), z80_rng_seed.data_vector.begin(), z80_rng_seed.data_vector.end());
-        full_data.insert(full_data.end(), z80_payload.data_vector.begin(), z80_payload.data_vector.end());
-        full_data.insert(full_data.end(), z80_patchlist.data_vector.begin(), z80_patchlist.data_vector.end());
+        full_data.insert(z80_rng_seed.data_vector);
+        full_data.insert(z80_payload.data_vector);
+        full_data.insert(z80_patchlist.data_vector);
 
-        std::copy(full_data.begin(), full_data.end(), out_array);
+        for(size_t i=0; i < full_data.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            out_array[i] = full_data[i];
+        }
 
         return out_array;
 
@@ -664,8 +666,8 @@ byte *generate_payload(GB_ROM curr_rom, int type, bool debug)
 
     else if (curr_rom.generation == 2)
     {
-        std::vector<z80_jump *> jump_vector;
-        std::vector<z80_variable *> var_vector;
+        ptgb::vector<z80_jump *> jump_vector;
+        ptgb::vector<z80_variable *> var_vector;
 
         z80_asm_handler z80_rng_seed(0x0A, curr_rom.wSerialOtherGameboyRandomNumberListBlock);
         z80_asm_handler z80_payload(0x1CD, curr_rom.wSerialEnemyDataBlock);      // wOTPartyData
@@ -935,13 +937,16 @@ byte *generate_payload(GB_ROM curr_rom, int type, bool debug)
         }
 
         // Combine the vectors into the full payload
-        std::vector<byte> full_data;
+        ptgb::vector<byte> full_data;
         full_data.reserve(z80_rng_seed.data_vector.size() + z80_payload.data_vector.size() + z80_patchlist.data_vector.size());
-        full_data.insert(full_data.end(), z80_rng_seed.data_vector.begin(), z80_rng_seed.data_vector.end());
-        full_data.insert(full_data.end(), z80_payload.data_vector.begin(), z80_payload.data_vector.end());
-        full_data.insert(full_data.end(), z80_patchlist.data_vector.begin(), z80_patchlist.data_vector.end());
+        full_data.insert(z80_rng_seed.data_vector);
+        full_data.insert(z80_payload.data_vector);
+        full_data.insert(z80_patchlist.data_vector);
 
-        std::copy(full_data.begin(), full_data.end(), out_array);
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < full_data.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            out_array[i] = full_data[i];
+        }
 
         return out_array;
 
@@ -953,21 +958,23 @@ byte *generate_payload(GB_ROM curr_rom, int type, bool debug)
     return nullptr;
 };
 
-int test_main() // Rename to "main" to send the payload to test_payload.txt
+
+// Uncomment to send the payload to test_payload.txt
+#if 0
+#include <cstdio>
+int main()
 {
     freopen("test_payload.txt", "w", stdout);
-    std::cout << std::endl;
+    printf("\n");
     byte *payload = generate_payload(ENG_RED, TRANSFER, true);
     if (true)
     {
         for (int i = 0; i < 0x2A0; i++)
         {
-
-            std::cout << "0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase << (unsigned int)payload[i] << ", ";
+            printf("0x%02X, ", (unsigned int)payload[i]);
             if (i % 0x10 == 0xF)
             {
-                std::cout << std::endl
-                          << "# 0x" << std::hex << i + 1 << std::endl;
+                printf("\n# 0x%X\n", i + 1);
             }
         }
         return 0;
@@ -976,12 +983,13 @@ int test_main() // Rename to "main" to send the payload to test_payload.txt
     {
         for (int i = 0; i < 0x150; i++)
         {
-            std::cout << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << std::uppercase << (unsigned int)payload[i + ((0x10 * 28) + 9)] << " ";
+            printf("%02X ", (unsigned int)payload[i + ((0x10 * 28) + 9)]);
             if (i % 0x10 == 0xF)
             {
-                std::cout << std::endl;
+                printf("\n");
             }
         }
         return 0;
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/pokemon.cpp b/source/pokemon.cpp
index cc4cd3b..570f071 100644
--- a/source/pokemon.cpp
+++ b/source/pokemon.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include <tonc.h>
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 #include "pokemon.h"
 #include "pokemon_data.h"
 #include "random.h"
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ void Pokemon::load_data(int index, const byte *party_data, int game, int lang)
     switch (gen)
     {
     case 1:
-        // ptgb_write(std::to_string(party_data[1121]).c_str());
+        // ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(party_data[1121]));
         // while (true){};
         species_index_party = party_data[party_species_offset];
         species_index_struct = party_data[box_struct_offset + 0x00];
@@ -142,15 +143,15 @@ void Pokemon::load_data(int index, const byte *party_data, int game, int lang)
     {
         tte_set_pos(8, 120);
         ptgb_write("struct offset: ");
-        ptgb_write(std::to_string(box_struct_offset).c_str());
+        ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(box_struct_offset));
         ptgb_write("\nbox_size: ");
-        ptgb_write(std::to_string(box_size).c_str());
+        ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(box_size));
         ptgb_write("\npkmn_size: ");
-        ptgb_write(std::to_string(pkmn_size).c_str());
+        ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(pkmn_size));
         ptgb_write("\nindex: ");
-        ptgb_write(std::to_string(index).c_str());
+        ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(index));
         ptgb_write(", game: ");
-        ptgb_write(std::to_string(game).c_str());
+        ptgb_write(ptgb::to_string(game));
         while (!key_hit(KEY_A))
         {
             global_next_frame();
diff --git a/source/rom_data.cpp b/source/rom_data.cpp
index ae04d64..0ab2877 100644
--- a/source/rom_data.cpp
+++ b/source/rom_data.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "gba_rom_values/ger_gba_rom_values.h"
 #include "gba_rom_values/ita_gba_rom_values.h"
 #include "gba_rom_values/spa_gba_rom_values.h"
+#include "libraries/nanoprintf/nanoprintf.h"
 
 extern rom_data curr_rom;
 
@@ -162,31 +163,34 @@ bool rom_data::is_ruby_sapphire()
 
 void rom_data::print_rom_info()
 {
-    std::string out;
+    char buffer[64];
+    char gameTypeChar;
     switch (gamecode)
     {
     case (RUBY_ID):
-        out += "R";
+        gameTypeChar = 'R';
         break;
     case (SAPPHIRE_ID):
-        out += "S";
+        gameTypeChar = 'S';
         break;
     case (FIRERED_ID):
-        out += "F";
+        gameTypeChar = 'F';
         break;
     case (LEAFGREEN_ID):
-        out += "L";
+        gameTypeChar = 'L';
         break;
     case (EMERALD_ID):
-        out += "E";
+        gameTypeChar = 'E';
+        break;
+    default:
+        gameTypeChar = '0';
         break;
     }
-    out += "-";
-    out += std::to_string(version);
-    out += "-";
-    out += char(language);
+
+    npf_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%c-%d-%c", gameTypeChar, version, language);
+
     tte_set_pos(0, 8);
-    ptgb_write(out.c_str());
+    ptgb_write(buffer);
 }
 
 bool rom_data::verify_rom()
diff --git a/source/script_var.cpp b/source/script_var.cpp
index cd1f782..707c295 100644
--- a/source/script_var.cpp
+++ b/source/script_var.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include <tonc.h>
-#include <string>
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 #include "script_var.h"
 #include "pokemon_data.h"
 #include "debug_mode.h"
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 
 extern rom_data curr_rom;
 
-script_var::script_var(u32 nValue, std::vector<script_var *> &var_list_ref, int *nCurr_loc_ptr)
+script_var::script_var(u32 nValue, ptgb::vector<script_var *> &var_list_ref, int *nCurr_loc_ptr)
 {
     var_list_ref.push_back(this); // Place the new object in the var_list
     value = nValue;
     curr_loc_ptr = nCurr_loc_ptr;
 };
 
-script_var::script_var(std::vector<script_var *> &var_list_ref, int *nCurr_loc_ptr)
+script_var::script_var(ptgb::vector<script_var *> &var_list_ref, int *nCurr_loc_ptr)
 {
     var_list_ref.push_back(this); // Place the new object in the var_list
     curr_loc_ptr = nCurr_loc_ptr;
@@ -256,8 +256,9 @@ void music_var::set_start()
     start_location_in_script = *curr_loc_ptr;
 }
 
-void music_var::add_track(std::vector<byte> track)
+void music_var::add_track(const byte* trackBytes, size_t trackSize)
 {
+    const ptgb::vector track(trackBytes, trackSize);
     trackArrays.push_back(track);
 }
 
diff --git a/source/z80_asm.cpp b/source/z80_asm.cpp
index ca64559..2f5bf93 100644
--- a/source/z80_asm.cpp
+++ b/source/z80_asm.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,30 @@
 #include "z80_asm.h"
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include "libraries/nanoprintf/nanoprintf.h"
+#include "libstd_replacements.h"
 
 #define DIRECT false
 #define RELATIVE true
 
+// this function generates an error message based on vsnprintf
+// and throws it.
+static void throw_error(const char* format, ...)
+{
+    // reserved 33 bytes for 2 ints alongside a format string
+    char error_msg_buffer[96];
+    va_list args;
+
+    va_start(args, format);
+    npf_vsnprintf(error_msg_buffer, sizeof(error_msg_buffer), format, args);
+    va_end(args);
+
+    // we should avoid exceptions and <stdexcept>
+    // throw std::runtime_error(message);
+    while (true)
+    {
+    }
+}
+
 z80_asm_handler::z80_asm_handler(int data_size, int mem_offset)
 {
     data_vector.resize(data_size, 0x00);
@@ -44,15 +63,6 @@ void z80_asm_handler::generate_patchlist(z80_asm_handler *bytes_to_patch){
     add_byte(0xFF);
 }
 
-void z80_asm_handler::throw_error(std::string message)
-{
-
-    // throw std::runtime_error(message);
-    while (true)
-    {
-    }
-}
-
 /* Figuring out pointers automatically is tricky since there are two seperate sections where our code is going. One is wSerialEnemyDataBlock, and the other is wSerialPartyMonsPatchList (0xC5D0)
 However, theoretically all of our code should be in the patch list and all of the payload hijack stuff should be in the enemy data block.
 Yellow is (currently) weird, but that will be fixed. The only time they cross over outside of that is in Gen 2 due to the box saving corrupting the code we're reading.
@@ -129,7 +139,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::LD(int destination, int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 LD command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 LD command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::HALT()
@@ -163,7 +173,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::ADD(int destination, int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 ADD command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 ADD command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::ADC(int destination, int source)
@@ -181,7 +191,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::ADC(int destination, int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 ADC command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 ADC command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::SUB(int destination, int source)
@@ -199,7 +209,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::SUB(int destination, int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SUB command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SUB command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::SBC(int destination, int source)
@@ -217,7 +227,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::SBC(int destination, int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SBC command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SBC command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::AND(int destination, int source)
@@ -235,7 +245,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::AND(int destination, int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 AND command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 AND command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::XOR(int destination, int source)
@@ -253,7 +263,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::XOR(int destination, int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 XOR command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 XOR command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::OR(int destination, int source)
@@ -271,7 +281,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::OR(int destination, int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 OR command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 OR command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::CP(int destination, int source)
@@ -289,7 +299,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::CP(int destination, int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 CP command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 CP command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::NOP()
@@ -316,7 +326,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::INC(int reg)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 INC command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 INC command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::DEC(int reg)
@@ -333,7 +343,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::DEC(int reg)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 DEC command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 DEC command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::RLC(int reg)
@@ -366,7 +376,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::ROT(int reg, int info)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 ROT command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 ROT command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::JR(int distance)
@@ -379,7 +389,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::JR(int distance)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 JR command: " + std::to_string(distance));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 JR command: %d", distance);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::JR(int flag, int distance)
@@ -392,7 +402,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::JR(int flag, int distance)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 JR command: " + std::to_string(flag) + ", " + std::to_string(distance));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 JR command: %d, %d", flag, distance);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::DDA()
@@ -423,7 +433,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::RET(int flag)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 RET command: " + std::to_string(flag));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 RET command: %d", flag);
     }
 };
 void z80_asm_handler::RETI()
@@ -438,7 +448,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::PUSH(int source)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 PUSH command: " + std::to_string(source));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 PUSH command: %d", source);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::POP(int destination)
@@ -449,7 +459,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::POP(int destination)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 PUSH command: " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 PUSH command: %d", destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::JP(int destination)
@@ -468,7 +478,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::JP(int destination)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 JP command: " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 JP command: %d", destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::JP(int flag, int destination)
@@ -482,7 +492,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::JP(int flag, int destination)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 JP command: " + std::to_string(flag) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 JP command: %d, %d", flag, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::CALL(int destination)
@@ -496,7 +506,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::CALL(int destination)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 CALL command: " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 CALL command: %d", destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::CALL(int flag, int destination)
@@ -510,7 +520,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::CALL(int flag, int destination)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 CALL command: " + std::to_string(flag) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 CALL command: %d, %d", flag, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::RST(int value)
@@ -521,7 +531,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::RST(int value)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 RST command: " + std::to_string(value));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 RST command: %d", value);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::LDH(int source, int destination)
@@ -550,7 +560,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::LDH(int source, int destination)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 LDH command: " + std::to_string(source) + ", " + std::to_string(destination));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 LDH command: %d, %d", source, destination);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::DI()
@@ -571,7 +581,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::LDHL(int offset)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 LDHL command: " + std::to_string(offset));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 LDHL command: %d", offset);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::SLA(int reg)
@@ -583,7 +593,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::SLA(int reg)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SLA command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SLA command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::SRA(int reg)
@@ -595,7 +605,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::SRA(int reg)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SRA command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SRA command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::SWAP(int reg)
@@ -607,7 +617,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::SWAP(int reg)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SWAP command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SWAP command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::SRL(int reg)
@@ -619,7 +629,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::SRL(int reg)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SRL command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SRL command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::BIT(int bit, int reg)
@@ -631,7 +641,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::BIT(int bit, int reg)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 BIT command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 BIT command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::RES(int bit, int reg)
@@ -643,7 +653,7 @@ void z80_asm_handler::RES(int bit, int reg)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 RES command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 RES command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 void z80_asm_handler::SET(int bit, int reg)
@@ -655,16 +665,16 @@ void z80_asm_handler::SET(int bit, int reg)
     }
     else
     {
-        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SET command: " + std::to_string(reg));
+        throw_error("Invalid Z80 SET command: %d", reg);
     }
 }
 
-z80_variable::z80_variable(std::vector<z80_variable *> *var_vec)
+z80_variable::z80_variable(ptgb::vector<z80_variable *> *var_vec)
 {
     var_vec->push_back(this);
 }
 
-z80_variable::z80_variable(std::vector<z80_variable *> *var_vec, int data_size, ...)
+z80_variable::z80_variable(ptgb::vector<z80_variable *> *var_vec, int data_size, ...)
 {
     var_vec->push_back(this);
     data.resize(data_size);
@@ -713,7 +723,7 @@ void z80_variable::update_ptrs()
     }
 }
 
-z80_jump::z80_jump(std::vector<z80_jump *> *jump_vec)
+z80_jump::z80_jump(ptgb::vector<z80_jump *> *jump_vec)
 {
     jump_vec->push_back(this);
 }